Race or ethnicity (referent: non-Hispanic white) | | | |
Minority | 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.64 |
Age (referent: ≥85 years) | | | |
65 to 69 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.82 |
70 to 74 | 0.93 | 0.82 | 1.07 |
75 to 79 | 1.07 | 0.94 | 1.21 |
80 to 84 | 1.11 | 0.97 | 1.26 |
Educational attainment (referent: at least high school) | | | |
Less than high school | 0.93 | 0.85 | 1.02 |
Residence (referent: nonmetropolitan residence) | | | |
Metropolitan area | 0.88 | 0.76 | 1.02 |
Income (referent: >$25,000) | | | |
≤$25,000 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.90 |
Functional health (3-point scale) | | | |
1 point decrease | 0.96 | 0.91 | 1.02 |
Self-rated health (5-point scale) | | | |
1 point decrease | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.05 |
Living situation (referent: married or cohabitating) | | | |
Lives alone | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.21 |
Respondent (referent: participant) | | | |
Proxy | 0.90 | 0.76 | 1.07 |
Supplemental insurance (referent: private) | | | |
None | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.67 |
Medicaid | 0.78 | 0.65 | 0.94 |
Survey year (referent: 4) | | | |
1 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
2 | 1.04 | 0.93 | 1.17 |
3 | 1.09 | 0.97 | 1.22 |
Number of primary care office visits (referent: none) | | | |
1 to 2 | 1.92 | 1.68 | 2.19 |
3 or more | 2.96 | 2.61 | 3.35 |
Sex (referent: male) | | | |
Female | 1.05 | 0.95 | 1.15 |