Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Included Trials

Clinical Trial	Principal Maneuver	Comparison Maneuver	Study Design	Eligibility Criteria	Enrollment Procedures	Primary Outcome
1. SHEP (Systolic Hypertension in Elderly) subgroup¹⁸	Chlorthalidone	Placebo + Usual Care	DB	Age ≥60 years, NIDDM, BP ≥ 160/90	IC, RC	Stroke
2. SYST-EUR (Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial) subgroup¹⁹	Nitrendipine	Placebo + Usual Care	DB	Age ≥60 years, SBP ≥ 160, controlled DM	IC, RC	Stroke
3. ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attacks Trial) subgroup^20,21	Chlorthalidone	Lisinopril, Amlodipine	DB	Age ≥55 years, DM, HTN + CV RFs	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
4. CAPPP (Captopril Prevention Project) subgroup²²	Captopril	Usual Care	O-BE	Age 25 to 65 years, DM + DBP >100	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
5. LIFE (Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study) subgroup²³	Losartan	Atenolol	DB	Age 55 to 80 years, DM, HTN + LVH	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
6. STOP-2 (Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension) subgroup²⁴	Calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors	Usual Care	O-BE	Age 70 to 84 years, DM + HTN	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
7. INSIGHT (International Nifedipine GITS Study) subgroup²⁵	Nifedipine GITS	Diuretics	DB	Age 55 to 80 years, DM, HTN + CV RFs	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
8. JMIC-B (Japan Multicenter Investigation for Cardiovascular Diseases) subgroup²⁶	Nifedipine	ACE inhibitor	O-BE	Age 55 to 75 years, DM, HTN + CAD	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
9. IDNT (Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial)²⁷	Irbesartan	Amlodipine + usual care	DB	Age 30 to 70 years, DM, HTN + albuminuria	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
10. CONVINCE (Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular Endpoints) subgroup²⁸	Verapamil	Usual care	DB	Age ≥55 years, DM + HTN	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
11. BENEDICT (Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial)²⁹	Trandolapril	Verapamil + placebo	DB	Age >40 years, DM, HTN + no micoalbuminuria	IC, RC,TPP	Microalbuminuria
12. INVEST (International Verapamil SR-trandolapril Study) subgroup³⁰	Verapamil	Atenolol	O-BE	Age >70 years, DM, HTN + CAD	IC, RC,TPP	Composite CV endpoints
13. FACET (Fosinopril versus Ampldipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial) subgroup³¹	Fosinopril	Amlodipine + usual care	O-BE	Age >60 years, DM + BP≥140/90	IC, RC,TPP	Composite CV endpoints
14. NORDIL (Nordic Diltiazam Study) subgroup³²	Diltiazam	Usual care	O-BE	Age 50 to 80 years, DM + DBP >100	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
15. Hypertension in Diabetes Study IV³³	Tight BP control	Less tight BP control	OP	Age 25 to 65 years, DM, BP ≥ 150/85	IC, RC	Macro/Micro Vascular Complications
16. UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study) subgroup³⁴	Tight BP control	Less tight BP control	OP	Age 25 to 65 years, DM + HTN	IC, RC	Death
17. HOT (Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study) subgroup³⁵	Tight BP control	Less tight BP control	O-BE	Age 50 to 80 years, DM + DBP > 100	IC, RC	Composite CV endpoints
18. ABCD (Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes Trial)³⁶	Tight BP control	Less tight BP control	OP	Age 40 to 75 years, DM + untreated DBP > 80	IC, RC	Diabetic nephropathy
19. Steno-2 Study³⁷	Intensive multi-risk factor control	Conventional strategies	OP	DM + microalbuminuria	IC, RC,TPP	Macro- or microvascular complications
20. High Risk Patients with Diabetes: A Motivation and Teaching Intervention³⁸	Personalized BP goals	Usual care	OP	Age 45 to 70 years, DM + BP > 140/90	IC, RC,TPP	Microvascular complications

ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BP, blood pressure; DB, double blinded; O-BE, open, blinded to endpoints; OP, open pragmatic; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CV, cardiovascular; RF, risk factors; IC, informed consent; RC, reviewed medical charts; TPP, targeted physician practices.