Summary of Reported Cases of Postpartum Labial Adhesions
| Author | Delivery | Perineal Trauma with Delivery | Initial Therapy | Definitive Therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shaver et al (1986)1 | SVD | Vaginal sidewall | Topical estrogen | Surgery with local anesthetic |
| Davenport and Richardson (1986)8 | SVD | Episiotomy; massive vulvar edema | Surgery with general anesthesia | Surgery with general anesthesia |
| Davenport and Richardson (1986)8 | SVD | Labial; massive vulvar edema | Surgery with local anesthetic | Surgery with local anesthetic |
| Yoong and Alderman (1990)9 | SVD | Superficial | Surgery with general anesthesia | Surgery with general anesthesia |
| Greaves et al (1998)4 | Vacuum-assisted delivery | Episiotomy; ferric subsulfate | Surgery with general anesthesia | Surgery with general anesthesia |
| Arkin and Chern-Hughes (2001)5 | SVD | “Skid marks” | Topical estrogen | Surgery with local anesthetic |
| Steele and Lowry (2002)10 | SVD | Labial | Digital separation | Surgery with general anesthesia |
| Lin et al (2002)3 | SVD | Massive vulvar edema | Topical estrogen | Amniotic membrane graft |
| Sharma et al (2005)11 | SVD | Second degree | Surgery with local anesthetic | Surgery with local anesthetic |
| Seehusen and Earwood (this paper) | Vacuum-assisted delivery | Second degree; labial | Surgery with local anesthetic | Surgery with local anesthetic |
SVD, spontaneous vaginal delivery.