Studies investigating the effects of yoga and yoga-based programs on specific physiologic and anthropometric indices of CVD risk and related clinical endpoints, by study population
| Study Population | Study Design | Total | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-Sectional Studies | Changes over 1 to 2 Yoga Sessions | Uncontrolled Trials | Non-randomized Controlled Trials | Randomized Controlled Trials | |||||||
| Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | ||
| Healthy young and middle-aged adults | 1 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 35* | |||
| Healthy elderly adults | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
| Healthy children and adolescents | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
| Adults with hypertension/CVD or at risk for CVD | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 21 | ||||
| Adults with diabetes mellitus | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||||||
| Adults with cancer | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Adults with serious mental illness | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Children and adults with asthma | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Children and adults with epilepsy | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Totals | 1 | 8 | 17 | 8 | 13 | 2 | 15 | 7 | 70 | ||
| Total yoga alone or with biofeedback | 53* | ||||||||||
| Total multiple interventions | 17 | ||||||||||
* Including one study that also evaluated change during 1 to 2 yoga sessions138; grand totals are adjusted to count this study only once.