Cross-Sectional Studies and Clinical Trials Investigating the Effects of Yoga and Yoga-Based Programs on Coagulation Profiles and Indices of Oxidative Stress, Stratified by Study Design and Intervention: Summarized Findings (Studies Reporting Beneficial Effects Are in Bold)
| Findings, by Endpoint | Study Design | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-Sectional (Yoga Alone) | 1 to 2 Sessions (Yoga Alone) | Uncontrolled Clinical Trials (>2 sessions) | Non-Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (>2 sessions) | Randomized Controlled Trials (>2 sessions) | ||||
| Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | Yoga Alone | Multiple Interventions | |||
| Coagulation/Fibrinolytic Profiles | ||||||||
| Reduced fibrinogen | [136] | [98] | ||||||
| Increased fibrinolytic activity | [136] | |||||||
| Prolonged platelet aggregation time | [136] (NS) | |||||||
| Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time | [136] (NS) | |||||||
| Markers of Oxidative stress | ||||||||
| Increased Glutathione | [138]* | [138] | [100] | |||||
| Increased Vitamins E, C | [100] | |||||||
| Increased total antioxidants | [100] | |||||||
| Super oxide dismutase (SOD) | ||||||||
| Increased | [138] | [138] | ||||||
| No change | [137] | |||||||
| Catalase | ||||||||
| Increased | [138] | |||||||
| No change | [138] | |||||||
| Reduced free radicals | [137] | |||||||
| Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) | ||||||||
| Reduced | [85] | [68] | [137] | |||||
| No change | [100] | |||||||
* P < .1; Yoga PR in addition to exercise vs exercise alone.
Abbreviations: NS, P > .05 (N = 7 subjects).