Characteristics of eligible studies investigating the effects of yoga and yoga-based programs on specific physiological and anthropometric indices of CVD risk and related clinical endpoints
| Study Design | Total | Sample Size | Location | Year Published | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | <25 | 25–40 | 41–60 | >60 | India | US | Canada | Eurc | Australia | Japan | Thailand | 2000 | 1990–9 | 1980–9 | 1970–9 | |
| Cross-sectional studies | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Studies of changes during 1 to 2 yoga sessions | |||||||||||||||||
| Not including comparison group or condition | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Including comparison group or condition | 7 | 10.1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||
| Uncontrolled clinical trials (>2 yoga sessions) | |||||||||||||||||
| (Intervention 2 full days to 6 months) | 25 | 36.2 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 21 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | |||
| Non-randomized controlled trials (>2 yoga sessions)* | |||||||||||||||||
| (Intervention 3 weeks to 12 months) | 15 | 21.7 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
| Randomized controlled trials (>2 yoga sessions) | |||||||||||||||||
| (Intervention 8 days to 12 months) | 22 | 31.9 | 3 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 2 | ||
| Total number of studies evaluated | 70 | 29 | 17 | 12 | 12 | 47 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 22 | 22 | 14 | 12 | |
| % Total | 41.4 | 24.3 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 67.1 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 21.4 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 20.0 | 17.1 | ||
* Including one study that also evaluated change during 1 to 2 yoga sessions138; grand totals are adjusted to count this study only once.