Clinical Characteristics of 1482 Persons with Diabetes and Time Spent in Foot Care, Exercise, Shopping and Cooking, and in Total Self-Care
| Characteristic (%)* | Foot Care | Exercise | Shopping and Cooking | Total Time Spent† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Not Engaging‡ | Mean Non-Zero Time, min/day (25%, 75%) | % Not Engaging | Mean Non-Zero Time, min/day (25%, 75%) | % Not Engaging | Mean Non-Zero Time, min/day (25%, 75%) | Mean min/day (25%, 75%) | |
| All patients | 37.9 | 13 (5, 15) | 37.7 | 32 (15, 38) | 54.4 | 48 (30, 60) | 58 (19, 84) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||
| <30 (46.3%) | 38.3 | 13 (5, 15) | 32.6§ | 34 (15, 45) | 53.9 | 46 (25, 60) | 59 (20, 85) |
| 30 to 34 (27.6%) | 39.5 | 14 (5, 20) | 35.2§ | 32 (15, 38) | 54.9 | 47 (30, 60) | 59 (22, 89) |
| 35 to 40 (14.5%) | 36.9 | 14 (5, 20) | 46.8§ | 31 (15, 45) | 49.8 | 49 (25, 60) | 57 (15, 85) |
| >40 (11.5%) | 33.5 | 12 (5, 15) | 52.4§ | 26 (15, 30) | 61.0 | 52 (30, 60) | 51 (15, 74) |
| Neuropathy symptoms‖ | |||||||
| Most (13.5%) | 24.1§ | 16 (5, 20)§ | 38.1§ | 33 (15, 45) | 46.3§ | 46 (20,60) | 66 (30, 89)§ |
| Moderate (14.2%) | 30.1§ | 17 (5, 20)§ | 46.2§ | 33 (15, 30) | 48.5§ | 53 (30, 60) | 63 (20, 94)§ |
| Mild (21.9%) | 35.9§ | 13 (5, 15)§ | 33.6§ | 29 (15, 30) | 52.8§ | 45 (30, 60) | 58 (19, 85)§ |
| None (44.5%) | 45.5§ | 11 (5, 15)§ | 37.2§ | 33 (15, 45) | 59.7§ | 44 (20, 60) | 53 (15, 77)§ |
| Diabetes treatment | |||||||
| Diet only (5.5%) | 42.0§ | 14 (5, 15) | 34.2 | 29 (18, 30) | 40.3§ | 46 (20, 60) | 55 (16, 80)§ |
| Oral only (63.4%) | 41.9§ | 13 (5, 15) | 38.8 | 33 (15, 45) | 57.4§ | 48 (30, 60) | 55 (15, 79)§ |
| Insulin (31.1%) | 29.0§ | 14 (5, 15) | 35.9 | 32 (15, 30) | 50.6§ | 46 (30, 60) | 66 (24, 90)§ |
| Self-testing | |||||||
| Never (20.8%) | 50.2§ | 12 (5, 15) | 47.3§ | 29 (15, 30) | 60.4§ | 50 (20, 60) | 42 (4, 64)§ |
| <1/day (27.0%) | 42.1§ | 13 (5, 15) | 43.0§ | 31 (15, 30) | 55.8§ | 45 (20, 60) | 47 (9, 68)§ |
| 1/day (12.3%) | 35.2§ | 14 (5, 15) | 33.5§ | 35 (20, 60) | 53.9§ | 48 (20, 60) | 66 (23, 87)§ |
| >2/day (39.8%) | 29.4§ | 14 (5, 15) | 30.5§ | 33 (15, 40) | 50.5§ | 48 (30, 60) | 71 (35, 95)§ |
| Others (13.4%) | 40.9§ | 14 (5, 15)§ | 42.1 | 31 (15, 30) | 44.8§ | 55 (30, 60)§ | 65 (24, 93)§ |
* Percentage of the total study sample (n = 1482) with this characteristic. For example, 31.1% of the sample used insulin.
† Total time spent is for the three listed elements plus self-testing and insulin injection (see text).
‡ Percentage of individuals with each characteristic that did not engage in this activity. For example, 29.0% of insulin-users did not engage in foot care.
‖ Based on foot neuropathy symptom score (see text). Most symptoms = 3 to 10; moderate = 11 to 12; mild = 13 to 14; none = 15.
§ P <.05.