Multivariate Analysis of Episiotomy Use and Associated Risk Factors
| Characteristic | Episiotomies (%) | Adjusted Odds Ratio* [CI]† |
|---|---|---|
| Practitioner | ||
| FP | 261 (33%) | 1.0 |
| OB | 1248 (54%) | 2.38 [1.98 to 2.87] |
| Parity | ||
| Multiparous | 782 (40%) | 1.0 |
| Nulliparous | 727 (63%) | 2.13 [1.81 to 2.48] |
| Anesthesia | ||
| Local or none | 119 (34%) | 1.0 |
| Epidural | 1390 (50%) | 1.38 [1.07 to 1.77] |
| Induction | ||
| None | 1040 (48%) | 1.0 |
| Induction | 469 (50%) | 1.01 [0.85 to 1.19] |
| Instrumented delivery | ||
| None | 1136 (43%) | 1.0 |
| Forceps | 317 (84%) | 5.08 [3.75 to 6.88] |
| Vacuum | 56 (62%) | 2.85 [1.78 to 4.58] |
| Fetal complications | ||
| None | 1111 (43%) | 1.0 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 15 (56%) | 1.92 [0.85 to 4.34] |
| Heart rate or rhythm | 94 (71%) | 1.22 [0.79 to 1.89] |
| Weight >4 kg | 142 (52%) | 1.13 [0.86 to 1.48] |
| Time of day | ||
| Night | 324 (43%) | 1.0 |
| Day or evening | 1185 (50%) | 1.22 [1.02 to 1.45] |
| Age | ||
| 20 to 34 | 1359 (49%) | 1.0 |
| Teen | 67 (52%) | 0.83 [0.56 to 1.23] |
| ≥35 | 83 (40%) | 0.83 [0.61 to 1.13] |
* Adjusted for all factors shown in table.
† CI, 95% confidence interval; FP, family physician; OB, obstetrician.