Table 2.

Logistic Regression Results from the Pew Hispanic Center/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Latino Health Survey of Patient and Provider Language Use and Health Care Quality Ratings among Foreign-born Latinos Who Received Medical Care during the Past 12 Months in the United States (n = 2663)*

	Confusion Experience	Frustration Experience	Healthcare Language Bias
		English Proficiency
English proficiency	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	0.98 (0.92–1.04)	0.92 (0.82–1.03)
Income (US$)
0–14,999	1.00	1.00	1.00
15,000–24,999	0.86 (0.65–1.13)	0.99 (0.76–1.29)	0.95 (0.60–1.51)
25,000–34,999	0.87 (0.65–1.18)	0.92 (0.69–1.24)	0.93 (0.55–1.56)
35,000–59,999	1.00 (0.72–1.39)	1.21 (0.88–1.66)	1.23 (0.67–2.27)
≥60,000	0.44^* (0.25–0.77)	0.53^† (0.32–0.88)	0.72 (0.28–1.88)
Education
0–8 years	1.00	1.00	1.00
9–11 years	0.92 (0.68–1.24)	0.78^‡ (0.58–1.03)	0.62 (0.36–1.09)
High school graduate	1.01 (0.76–1.33)	0.92 (0.70–1.21)	0.94 (0.59–1.52)
Some college	0.77 (0.51–1.15)	0.84 (0.57–1.23)	0.87 (0.42–1.81)
College degree or higher	0.81 (0.52–1.28)	0.71 (0.45–1.11)	0.56 (0.26–1.20)
Health insurance coverage	0.68^* (0.55–0.85)	0.75^* (0.60–0.92)	0.90 (0.60–1.36)
		Language Concordance
Language concordance	0.78^‡ (0.59–1.01)	0.72^* (0.55–0.94)	0.40^* (0.27–0.61)
Income (US$)
0–14,999	1.00	1.00	1.00
15,000–24,999	0.86 (0.65–1.14)	1.00 (0.77–1.30)	0.93 (0.58–1.48)
25,000–34,999	0.86 (0.64–1.17)	0.91 (0.68–1.23)	0.88 (0.52–1.48)
35,000–59,999	1.03 (0.74–1.42)	1.22 (0.89–1.68)	1.13 (0.62–2.04)
≥60,000	0.44^* (0.25–0.77)	0.52^* (0.31–0.85)	0.60 (0.24–1.50)
Education
0–8 years	1.00	1.00	1.00
9–11 years	0.87 (0.65–1.17)	0.74^† (0.55–0.98)	0.54^† (0.31–0.94)
High school graduate	0.93 (0.71–1.22)	0.85 (0.65–1.11)	0.79 (0.49–1.27)
Some college	0.70^‡ (0.48–1.03)	0.78 (0.55–1.11)	0.69 (0.35–1.34)
College degree or higher	0.76 (0.50–1.15)	0.64^† (0.42–0.97)	0.47^† (0.23–0.96)
Health insurance coverage	0.69^* (0.55–0.87)	0.73^* (0.59–0.91)	0.87 (0.58–1.31)

Data provided as odds ratio (95% CI).
* P < .01.
† P < .05.
‡ P < .10.