Effects of obesity on pregnancy outcomes
| Condition | Type of Study | Effect* |
|---|---|---|
| GDM (53) | Meta-analysis | OR, 2.14 (1.82–2.53)† |
| OR, 3.56 (3.05–4.21)‡ | ||
| OR, 8.56 (5.07–16.04)§ | ||
| PIH (54) | Meta-analysis | OR, 2.5 (2.1–3.0)‡ |
| OR, 3.2 (2.6–4.0)§ | ||
| C-section (55) | Population-based cohort study | RR, 2.6 (2.04–2.51)‡ |
| RR, 3.38 (2.49–4.57) | ||
| Pre-eclampsia (53) | Meta-analysis | OR, 1.6 (1.1–2.25)‡ |
| OR, 3.3 (2.4–4.5)§ | ||
| Preeclampsia (56) | Retrospective cohort study | OR, 7.2 (4.7–11.2)§ |
| Induction of labor (56) | Retrospective cohort study | OR, 1.8 (1.3–2.5)§ |
| Postpartum hemorrhage (56) | Population-based cohort study | OR, 1.5 (1.3–1.7)‖ |
| Preterm delivery (<33 weeks) (56) | Population-based cohort study | OR, 2.0 (1.3–2.9)‖ |
| Stillbirth (57) | Systematic review and meta-anaylsis | OR, 1.47† |
| RR, 2.07‖ | ||
| Stillbirth (58) | Population-based cohort study | OR, 2.8 (1.5–5.3)‖ |
| Neonatal death (58) | Population-based cohort study | OR, 2.6 (1.2–5.8)‖ |
* All odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) are compared to normal weight pregnant women (body mass index [BMI] 18–25). Values in parentheses indicate 95% CI.
† BMI 25–30.
‡ BMI 30–35.
§ BMI >35.
‖ BMI >30. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus. PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.