Characteristics of Enrolled Participants
| Overall (n) (n = 97) | No Label Group (n [%]) (n = 47) | Label Group (n [%]) (n = 50) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age category (years) | .27 | |||
| 24–39 | 49 | 21 (45) | 28 (56) | |
| ≥40 | 48 | 26 (55) | 22 (44) | |
| Female sex | 43 | 20 (43) | 23 (46) | .73 |
| Race | .26 | |||
| White | 36 | 18 (38) | 18 (36) | |
| Black | 49 | 22 (47) | 27 (54) | |
| Other | 12 | 7 (16) | 5 (10) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 10 | 7 (15) | 3 (6) | .15 |
| Education level | .42 | |||
| <High school | 11 | 7 (15) | 4 (8) | |
| High school graduate | 9 | 6 (13) | 3 (6) | |
| Some college | 33 | 15 (32) | 18 (36) | |
| College graduate | 44 | 19 (40) | 25 (50) | |
| Self-reported health | .19 | |||
| Excellent | 19 | 5 (11) | 14 (28) | |
| Very good | 41 | 23 (49) | 18 (36) | |
| Good | 33 | 17 (36) | 16 (32) | |
| Fair | 4 | 2 (4) | 2 (4) | |
| Poor | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Married or living with partner | 48 | 24 (51) | 24 (48) | .84 |
| Current smoker | 28 | 13 (28) | 15 (30) | .80 |
| Medical problems* | ||||
| Anxiety | 9 | 7 (15) | 2 (4) | .09 |
| Asthma | 8 | 1 (2) | 7 (14) | .06 |
| Arthritis or chronic pain | 9 | 5 (11) | 4 (8) | .74 |
| Cancer | 1 | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | .49 |
| Depression | 16 | 8 (17) | 8 (16) | 1.0 |
| Heartburn | 7 | 2 (4) | 5 (10) | .44 |
| High cholesterol | 11 | 6 (13) | 5 (10) | .76 |
| Migraines | 6 | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | .68 |
| Thyroid disorder | 3 | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 1.0 |
| None of the above | 23 | 11 (23) | 12 (24) | 1.0 |
| Average systolic BP (mm Hg) | 129.0 | 128.6 | 129.4 | .57† |
| Average diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 81.9 | 81.7 | 82.1 | .75† |
BP, blood pressure.
* P for differences in medical problems by Fisher's exact test; all others by χ2 test unless otherwise noted.
† P calculated by t test.