Table 2.

Criteria for Surgical Referral

  1. Symptomatic

  2. Progression of the deformity

  3. Paradoxical movement of the chest wall with deep inspiration

  4. Computed tomograph with severity index >3.0

  5. Cardiac compression or displacement

  6. Pulmonary compression

  7. Abnormal pulmonary function studies showing significant restrictive disease

  8. Mitral valve prolapse

  9. Any cardiac pathology secondary to compression of the heart

  10. Significant body image disturbance

  11. History of failed previous repair

  12. Abnormal cardiopulmonary testing