Be readily available Provide effective and timely pain relief Address relational and spiritual suffering Address emotional suffering (fear, realization that there is no turning back, exhaustion, helplessness) Provide accurate and relevant information about the process to patient and family members Respect cultural and religious customs and rituals surrounding the event Recognize the situations requiring action and those requiring patience Accept and encourage the presence of loved ones at the bedside Recognize that birthing and dying are unique to each individual and family; avoid a “cookbook” approach Understand that trust in the caregivers is important in achieving a desirable outcome Recognize that effective management enhances positive memories for the patient, family, and caregivers
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