Table 3.

Univariate Correlates to Clinical Depressive Symptoms by Two Study Samples

Significant Correlates*South TexasSignificant Correlates*Northern Tamaulipas
OR (95% CI)POR (95% CI)P
Demographic factorsDemographic factors
    Gender    Gender
        Female2.50 (1.25–5.00).010        Female2.76 (1.61–5.82).008
        Male1.00        Male1.0 (0)
    Education    Education
        <High school2.23 (1.17–4.24).014        <High school2.39 (1.09–5.21).029
        ≥High school1.00        ≥High school1.00
Health factorsHealth factors
    High cholesterol    High cholesterol
        Yes0.39 (0.20–0.74).004        Yes2.08 (1.07–4.06).031
        No1.00        No1.00
    Burden of diabetes symptoms1.40 (1.24–1.57).000    Burden of diabetes symptoms1.45 (1.27–1.64).000
    Vision problems affect:    Vision problems affect:
        Television watching        Television watching
        Yes2.56 (1.61–5.00).006        Yes2.56 (1.43–4.59).002
        No1.00        No1.00
    “Testing blood glucose is difficult”        Reading
        Agree3.25 (1.59–6.66).001        Yes2.04 (1.11–3.76).022
        Disagree1.00        No1.00
    Diet limits social life3.28 (1.69–6.34).000        Driving
        Yes1.00        Yes2.67 (1.17–6.11).020
        No        No1.00
    Leg discomfort affects:    Leg discomfort affects:
        Home activities        Home activities
        Yes5.74 (2.88–11.46).000        Yes5.69 (3.04–10.67).000
        No1.00        No1.00
        Wearing preferred shoes        Wearing preferred shoes
        Yes6.09 (3.07–12.07).000        Yes(1.41–4.53).002
        No1.00        No
        Sleep        Sleep
        Yes4.00 (2.03–7.89).000        Yes3.18 (1.75–5.78).000
        No1.00        No1.00
Diet limits social life
    Yes3.19 (1.68–6.06).000
    No1.00
“Glucose monitoring is painful”
    Yes
    No3.29 (1.77–6.12).000
1.00
Healthcare use factorsHealthcare use factors
    Number of ER visits    Number of ER visits2.00 (1.11–3.62).022
        ≥12.28 (1.17–4.44).016        ≥11.00
        01.00        0
    Hospital staysHospital stays
        ≥12.03 (1.04–3.95).037        ≥12.60 (1.41–4.78).002
        01.00        01.00
    Number of doctor visits2.76 (1.46–5.21).002
        ≥1 per month1.00
    <1 per month
Social factors
    Family support0.50 (0.26–0.94).032
        Low1.00
        High

  • * Only variables that were significant individually were included into the logistic regression model.; P < .05.

  • CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.