Table 5.

Mortality Rate Comparisons among Specialties

Study	30-day or In-hospital Rates			1 year
Study	MR (%)	OR	OR_adj	MR (%)	OR	OR_adj
Chen et al
Card^*	16.1	1.00	1.00	26.8	1.00	1.00
Spec	20.2	1.32^†	0.98	36.9	1.60^†	1.05
IM	19.2	1.24^†	0.99	33.6	1.38^†	1.03
FP	19.7	1.28^†	0.96	34.4	1.43^†	1.01
GP	22.2	1.49^†	1.06	37.0	1.60^†	1.08
Frances et al7
Card^*		1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00
NC		1.30^†	1.04^†		1.37^†	1.10^†
NC (IV)			1.10			1.06
Norcini et al18^‡
Card^*	8.5	1.00	1.00
IM	11.9	1.45^†	1.25^†
FP	10.8	1.30^†	1.25^†
Frances et al23
Card^*	18.9	1.00	1.00	31.3	1.00	1.00
Spec	25.6	1.48^†	1.25^†	46.5	1.91^†	1.20^†
IM	21.0	1.14^†	1.25^†	43.0	1.66^†	1.11^†
FP	21.7	1.19^†	1.11^†	43.0	1.66^†	1.30^†
Nash et al9^‡ age <65
Card*	4.1	1.00	1.00
Generalists	4.3	1.05	0.95
Nash et al9^‡ age >65 (in hospital rates)
Card*	13.7	1.00	1.00
Generalists	16.8	1.27	1.22
Casale et al10^‡
Card*	8.5	1.00	1.00
Gen	11.8	1.44^†	1.20^†
Nash et al13^‡			1.00
Card*	7.9	1.00	1.26^†
IM	12.0	1.59	1.29^†
FP	11.1	1.44
Ayanian et al6
Card*	16.6	1.00	1.00	24.4	1.00	1.00
Gen	20.8	1.32^†	1.06	29.5	1.30^†	0.99
Jollis et al22
Card*	15.7	1.00	1.00	27.3	1.00	1.00
IM	20.3	1.37^†	NR	34.0	1.37^†	1.14^†
FP	20.4	1.38^†	NR	34.7	1.42^†	1.11^†
GP	22.1	1.52^†	NR	36.1	1.50^†	1.20^†
Uk	24.7	1.76^†	NR	36.9	1.56^†	1.32^†

* Reference group. Odds ratios are 1.00 because cardiologists are the reference group.
† Significant at P < .01.
‡ Studies reported mortality rates in the hospital rather than 30 day. MR, mortality rate; OR, odds ratios of cardiologist compared with other specialties; OR_adj, adjusted odds ratio; Card, cardiologists; Spec, internal medicine subspecialist not in cardiology,; IM, general internist; FP, family physician; GP, general practice; N-C, non-cardiologists; NC (IV), noncardiologist adjusting for instrumental variable; NR, not reported; Uk, unknown.