Table 1.

Essential Public Health Services

  • Monitor health status to identify community health problems.

  • Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.

  • Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.

  • Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.

  • Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.

  • Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when it is otherwise unavailable.

  • Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services.

  • Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.

  • Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.

  • Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.