Test Characteristics for Selected Signs and Symptoms
| Variable | n | Sens | Spec | LR+ | LR− | Weighted AUROCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal pain | 0.17 | 0.88 | 1.46 | 0.94 | ||
| Variables with LR+ >2.0 and/or LR− < 0.5 | ||||||
| Rigors (10) | 291 | 0.16 | 0.98 | 7.16 | 0.86 | NA |
| Fever and ≥3 days ill (age >65) (8) | 677 | 0.40 | 0.90 | 4.03 | 0.67 | NA |
| Sweating (10) | 291 | 0.47 | 0.83 | 2.86 | 0.63 | NA |
| Fever and cough >36 hours (8) | 3744 | 0.50 | 0.81 | 2.64 | 0.61 | NA |
| Confined to bed (10) | 291 | 0.63 | 0.74 | 2.45 | 0.50 | NA |
| Smoker (10) | 291 | 0.32 | 0.87 | 2.39 | 0.79 | NA |
| Unable to cope with daily activities (10) | 291 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 2.30 | 0.39 | NA |
| Fever + cough + nasal congestion (8) | 3744 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 2.27 | 0.55 | NA |
| Fever + cough + weakness (8 | 3744 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 2.10 | 0.56 | NA |
| Any systemic symptom (10) | 291 | 0.84 | 0.43 | 1.49 | 0.36 | NA |
| Cough (8, 9, 11, 13) | 0.88 (0.72 to 0.96) | 0.32 (0.17 to 0.52) | 1.29 | 0.38 | 0.679 | |
| Commonly measured variables with LR+ <2.0 and LR− >0.5 | ||||||
| Chills (9, 11) | 1497 | 0.83 (0.79 to 0.86) | 0.25 (0.22 to 0.27) | 1.11 | 0.68 | NA |
| Subjective temp (8, 10, 11, 14) | 5720 | 0.68 (0.62 to 0.72) | 0.60 (0.43 to 0.75) | 1.7 | 0.53 | 0.672 |
| Objective temp (8, 9, 13) | 4684 | 0.70 (0.46 to 0.86) | 0.49 (0.29 to 0.69) | 1.37 | 0.61 | 0.653 |
| Headache (8, 9, 10, 11, 13) | 5872 | 0.77 (0.65 to 0.86) | 0.39 (0.23 to 0.58) | 1.26 | 0.59 | 0.606 |
| Myalgia (8, 10, 11, 13) | 5272 | 0.68 (0.57 to 0.77) | 0.47 (0.18 to 0.78) | 1.26 | 0.60 | 0.620 |
| Nasal congestion (8, 10, 11) | 4932 | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.81) | 0.42 (0.23 to 0.63) | 1.21 | 0.71 | 0.654 |
| Nasal secretions (purulent) (10, 13) | 631 | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.48) | 0.79 (0.63 to 0.89) | 0.81 | 1.05 | 0.613 |
| No sneezing (9, 10) | 891 | 0.56 (0.39 to 0.72) | 0.53 (0.31 to 0.74) | 1.19 | 0.83 | 0.555 |
| Not vaccinated (12, 14) | 912 | 0.69 (0.19 to 0.96) | 0.30 (0.02 to 0.89) | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.534 |
| Sore throat (8, 10, 11, 13) | 5272 | 0.68 (0.61 to 0.74) | 0.36 (0.26 to 0.47) | 1.06 | 0.89 | 0.558 |
| Sputum (9, 11) | 1497 | 0.36 (0.25 to 0.48) | 0.68 (0.43 to 0.86) | 1.13 | 0.94 | 0.450 |
NA, not applicable because there was only one study; n, number of patients; AUROCC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.