Examples of Mechanisms of Smoking and Airway Damage in Asthma
| Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|
| Toxin direct to the bronchial epithelium, causing oxidative damage | 5 |
| Release of proinflammatory mediators and increased epithelial permeability | 6 |
| Proinflammatory mediators and cytokines involved | |
| Interleukin-8 | 7–9, 10 |
| Lipopolysaccharides | 11 |
| Leukotriene B4 | 7, 10 |
| Prostaglandin E2 | 12 |
| Angiopoietin-2 | 13 |
| Eotaxin-1 | 14 |