In Utero Exposure to Secondhand Smoke, Resulting in Asthma
| Results of Exposure | References |
|---|---|
| Offspring are 1.8 times more likely to develop asthma and a lifetime history of wheezing | 47, 48 |
| Children diagnosed with early-onset asthma have more persistent deficits in lung function | 49 |
| Other effects | 50–57 |
| Significant reductions in forced expiratory flow | |
| Suppression of alveolarization, functional residual capacity, and tidal flow volume |