Table 2. Factors Associated with Diabetes Complications Severity Index.
ParameterModel 1
IRR (SE)		Model 2
IRR (SE)		Model 3
IRR (SE)		Model 4 IRR (SE)
Data year (ref=2016)
20171.13 (0.01)*1.09 (0.00)*1.10 (0.01)*1.10 (.01)*
20181.22 (0.01)*1.12 (0.01)*1.15 (.01)*1.15 (.01)*
20191.30 (0.01)*1.11 (0.01)*1.19 (.01)*1.19 (.01)*
20201.32 (0.01)*1.13 (0.01)*1.19 (.01)*1.19 (.01)*
Sex (ref=male)
Female0.86 (0.01)*0.88 (0.00)*0.84 (.00)*0.84 (.00)*
Age group (ref=65-69)
70-741.08 (0.01)*0.90 (0.01)*1.09 (.01)*1.09 (.01)*
75-791.21 (0.01)*0.97 (0.01)*1.21 (.01)*1.25 (.01)*
80-841.34 (0.01)*0.88 (0.01)*1.34 (.01)*1.38 (.01)*
85-891.47 (0.02)*0.94 (0.01)*1.45 (.01)*1.50 (.02)*
90+1.49 (0.02)*0.82 (0.01)*1.46 (.02)*1.51 (.02)*
Race/Ethnicity (ref=white)
Black1.06 (0.01)*1.04 (0.01)*1.08 (.01)*1.08 (.01)*
Other0.86 (0.02)*0.95 (0.02)*0.93 (.02)*0.93 (.02)*
Asian0.78 (0.02)*0.93 (0.02)*0.88 (.02)*0.89 (.02)*
Hispanic0.94 (0.02)*0.99 (0.02)0.98 (.02)0.98 (.02)
Native American1.08 (0.07)1.05 (0.05)1.02 (.06)1.02 (.06)
Primary language spoken (ref=English)
Spanish1.02 (0.02)0.98 (0.01)1.04 (.02)*1.04 (.02)*
Other0.95 (0.01)*0.99 (0.01) *0.99 (.01)*0.99 (.01)*
Dually eligible (ref=no)
Yes1.26 (0.01)*1.07 (0.01)*1.06 (.01)*1.06 (.01)*
Rural residence (ref=no)
Yes0.90 (0.01) *0.95 (0.01) *0.91 (.01)*0.92 (.01)*
Charlson Comorbidity Index-1.18 (0.00) *
Functional Comorbidity Index-1.08 (0.00) *
Last risk score: Medicare Advantage--1.10 (.00)*1.11 (.00)*
Last risk score: Prescription--1.09 (.00)*1.09 (.00)*
Total count: Annual emergency department claims--1.01 (.00)*1.01 (.00)*
Total count: Annual urgent care claims--1.01 (.00)*1.01 (.00)*
Total count: Annual outpatient claims--1.003 (.00)*1.003 (.00)*
Total count: Annual physician visit claims--1.003 (.00)*1.003 (.00)*
Total count: Annual inpatient admit claims--1.07 (.00)*1.07 (.00)*
Total count: Annual pharmacy claims--1.003 (.00)*1.003 (.00)*
Blood pressure < 140/90 quality measure not achieved--1.10 (.01)*
Hemoglobin A1c < 9% quality measure not achieved--1.001
(.01)

* p<0.05

IRR = incidence rate ratio

SE = standard error