Table 2. Multilevel Mixed Logit Models Estimating Odds Ratios of Referral for Diabetes Self-Management Education Support (DSMES) Services During Clinic Visits

	Model 1 (Unadjusted)		Model 2 (Adjusted)
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Intervention clinic	10.64^***	[4.96, 22.9]	10.55***	[4.65, 23.94]
Age			0.99	[0.98, 1.01]
Female			0.93	[0.73, 1.19]
Race (ref: White)
Black			1.55^**	[1.19, 2.02]
Asian American			1.31	[0.64, 2.68]
Other			0.68	[0.32, 1.46]
Hispanic			2.16^*	[1.05, 4.43]
Married			0.97	[0.75, 1.25]
Rural			1.00	[0.53, 1.87]
Insurance (ref: Commercial)
Medicaid			1.01	[0.57, 1.78]
Medicare			0.87	[0.61, 1.25]
Self-Pay			0.73	[0.24, 2.21]
Comorbidity Count			1.26^***	[1.13, 1.40]
Number of primary care appointments in past year			0.96	[0.92, 1.00]
Reason for referral (ref: Hospitalization)^a
A1C>8.5			3.78^***	[2.52, 5.68]
New diabetes diagnosis			5.72^***	[3.90, 8.41]
New diabetes-related comorbidities			1.39	[0.93, 2.06]
Intercept	0.01^***	[0.01, 0.02]	0.01^***	[0.00, 0.02]

Notes: Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals in brackets are shown.

^a Reason for referral is a four-category nominal variable with hospitalization as the reference group.

* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001