Results from Sibling Fixed Effects Logistic Regressions of Well-Child Visit Receipt on Maternal Prenatal Care Coordination Receipt, Stratified on Differential Exposure to Any Prenatal Care Coordination Receipt Across Pregnancies
| Subsample: Sibling Pairs with Constant PNCC Exposure or PNCC Exposure in the First Pregnancy Only (n = 30,936 Children [15,468 Pairs]) | Subsample: Sibling Pairs with Constant PNCC Exposure or PNCC Exposure in the Second Pregnancy Only (n = 28,312 Children [14,156 Pairs]) | |
|---|---|---|
| Outcome: Any WCV Receipt | ||
| Age: 0 to <1 years | ||
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.66 (0.96-2.86) | 1.43 (0.79-2.59) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.88 (0.94-3.77) | 1.36 (0.64-2.93) |
| Service uptake | 1.52 (0.81-2.82) | 1.48 (0.76-2.85) |
| Age: 1 to <2 years | ||
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.28 (0.98-1.69) | 1.18 (0.83-1.68) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.43 (0.99-2.06) | 1.36 (0.86-2.19) |
| Service uptake | 1.20 (0.89-1.63) | 1.11 (0.77-1.62) |
| Age: 2 to <3 years | ||
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 0.88 (0.73-1.06) | 0.87 (0.67-1.14) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 0.80 (0.63-1.03) | 0.89 (0.62-1.28) |
| Service uptake | 0.93 (0.75-1.14) | 0.87 (0.65-1.15) |
| Age: 3 to <4 years | ||
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.19 (0.99-1.43) | 0.80 (0.63-1.02) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.30 (1.01-1.69) | 0.79 (0.58-1.09) |
| Service uptake | 1.14 (0.93-1.40) | 0.80 (0.62-1.04) |
| Outcome: Recommended WCV Receipt | ||
| Age: 0 to <1 years | ||
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.36 (1.15-1.60) | 1.01 (0.80-1.27) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.06 (0.85-1.34) | 0.76 (0.57-1.02) |
| Service uptake | 1.52 (1.27-1.82) | 1.18 (0.92-1.52) |
| Age: 1 to <2 years | ||
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.12 (0.94-1.33) | 1.00 (0.80-1.25) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.12 (0.89-1.41) | 0.97 (0.73-1.29) |
| Service uptake | 1.12 (0.93-1.35) | 1.01 (0.80-1.28) |
| Age: 2 to <3 uears | ||
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.10 (0.89-1.36) | 0.89 (0.69-1.15) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.04 (0.79-1.38) | 0.95 (0.68-1.32) |
| Service uptake | 1.13 (0.90-1.42) | 0.87 (0.66-1.14) |
Notes: All regressions included the following control variables: maternal characteristics at delivery (age; education; marital status; residence county urbanicity; chronic hypertension; chronic diabetes) and parity. The American Academy of Pediatrics provides the recommended number of annual well-child visits, which decreases with age: 6 visits at age 0 to <1 year; 3 visits at age 1 to <2 years; 2 visits at age 2 to <3 years; and 1 visit annually from age 3 to 21 years. Thus, the threshold for meeting the recommended WCV receipt decreases with age, and having any WCV receipt at age 3 to <4 years is equivalent to having the recommended receipt of WCVs.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PNCC, Prenatal Care Coordination; WCV, well-child visit.