Table 1.

Characteristics of the Population Overall and Stratified by COVID-19 and Long COVID History

CharacteristicOverallNever Had COVID-19Had COVID-19 Without Long COVIDHad Long COVIDP value
Weighted FrequencyWeighted % (SE)Weighted FrequencyWeighted % (SE)Weighted FrequencyWeighted % (SE)Weighted FrequencyWeighted % (SE)
Total population 125,151,40210053,694,10042.9 (0.72)62,099,28149.6 (0.74)9,358,0217.5 (0.37) 
Age (years)0.0215
 18 to 4468,415,22354.7 (0.87)28,495,42053.1 (1.17)35,219,05356.7 (1.25)4,700,75050.2 (2.84)
 ≥4556,736,17945.3 (0.87)25,198,68046.9 (1.17)26,880,22843.3 (1.25)4,657,27149.8 (2.84)
Sex<0.0001
 Male70,978,14856.7 (0.56)31,809,504 59.2 (0.95)34,987,964 56.3 (0.82)4,180,680 44.7 (2.60)
 Female54,173,25443.3 (0.56)21,884,596 40.8 (0.95)27,111,317 43.7 (0.82)5,177,341 55.3 (2.60)
Race<0.0001
 Non-Hispanic White73,854,29159.0 (1.21)29,023,17654.1 (1.50)38,350,40561.8 (1.33)6,480,71069.3 (2.35)
 Other51,297,11141.0 (1.21)24,670,92445.9 (1.50)23,748,87638.2 (1.33)2,877,31130.7 (2.35)
Education<0.0001
 High school diploma or lower56,340,39245.5 (1.03)26,879,30050.7 (1.36)25,063,45840.6 (1.23)4,397,63447.6 (3.01)
 College degree67,607,26254.5 (1.03)26,150,79449.3 (1.36)36,613,47059.4 (1.23)4,842,99752.4 (3.01)
Census region0.0021
 Northeast21,108,93716.9 (1.30)8,089,02715.1 (1.41)11,363,19318.3 (1.49)1,656,71717.7 (2.12)
 Midwest26,104,15120.9 (1.60)10,732,98120.0 (1.71)13,048,86721.0 (1.66)2,322,30324.8 (3.00)
 South48,350,37138.6 (1.87)22,353,95141.6 (1.98)22,608,33736.4 (2.03)3,388,08236.2 (3.27)
 West29,587,94323.6 (1.56)12,518,14123.3 (1.73)15,078,88324.3 (1.69)1,990,91921.3 (2.12)
Marital status<0.0001
 Married70,125,97856.0 (0.88)27,407,94351.0 (1.21)37,464,37160.3 (1.23)5,253,66456.1 (2.57)
 Not married55,025,42444.0 (0.88)26,286,15849.0 (1.21)24,634,90939.7 (1.23)4,104,35743.9 (2.57)
Has a usual care provider<0.0001
 Yes76,882,82064.2 (0.87)29,791,06758.5 (1.41)40,580,45367.8 (1.06)6,511,30072.5 (2.62)
 No42,857,93835.8 (0.87)21,153,05641.5 (1.41)19,235,20832.2 (1.06)2,469,67427.5 (2.62)
Paid sick leave<0.0001
 Yes87,342,66080.3 (0.67)35,235,64576.6 (1.03)45,559,21583.5 (0.79)6,547,80179.2 (2.41)
 No21,492,40819.7 (0.67)10,759,00623.4 (1.03)9,009,02216.5 (0.79)1,724,38120.8 (2.41)
Ever had a COVID-19 vaccine0.2259
 Yes103,148,66383.1 (0.75)43,707,26282.3 (0.94)51,925,98684.1 (0.97)7,515,41581.6 (2.31)
 No20,908,68716.9 (0.75)9,421,62517.7 (0.94)9,796,64715.9 (0.97)1,690,41518.4 (2.31)
Current cigarette smoker<0.0001
 Yes14,426,61111.6 (0.54)7,606,26114.3 (0.81)5,574,3959.0 (0.66)1,245,95613.5 (1.76)
 No109,735,93388.4 (0.5)45,529,82585.7 (0.81)56,198,89691.0 (0.66)8,007,21386.5 (1.76)
Previous diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis (past 12 months), or emphysema<0.0001
 Yes17,588,39514.1 (0.50)6,639,72512.4 (0.66)8,801,06114.2 (0.69)2,147,61023.0 (2.23)
 No107,031,47685.9 (0.50)46,768,07487.6 (0.66)53,073,15085.8 (0.69)7,190,25277.0 (2.23)
Previous diagnosis of diabetes0.1856
 Yes9,246,6337.4 (0.42)4,033,9577.5 (0.51)4,326,6167.0 (0.58)886,0609.5 (1.51)
 No115,867,65492.6 (0.42)49,637,62992.5 (0.51)57,758,06493.0 (0.58)8,471,96190.5 (1.51)
Previous diagnosis of hypertension0.0008
 Yes29,962,98224.0 (0.63)12,658,10823.6 (0.83)14,338,82623.1 (0.96)2,966,04831.7 (2.22)
 No95,022,28876.0 (0.63)40,950,64076.4 (0.83)47,679,67576.9 (0.96)6,391,97368.3 (2.22)
  • Abbreviation: SE, standard error.