Results from Conventional and Sibling Fixed Effects Logistic Regressions of Recommended Well-Child Visit Receipt on Maternal Prenatal Care Coordination Receipt, Unadjusted and Adjusted
| Conventional Logistic Regressions | Sibling Fixed Effects Regressions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted* | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | |
| Age: 0 to <1 years (6+ WCVs) | ||||
| Sample size (Children), N | 113,347 | 113,347 | 36,546 | 36,546 |
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.11 (1.08-1.15) | 1.11 (1.07-1.14) | 1.34 (1.19-1.50) | 1.22 (1.08-1.37) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.05 (0.99-1.10) | 1.05 (1.00-1.10) | 1.04 (0.88-1.24) | 0.99 (0.83-1.18) |
| Service uptake | 1.15 (1.11-1.19) | 1.14 (1.10-1.18) | 1.51 (1.32-1.72) | 1.35 (1.18-1.55) |
| Age: 1 to <2 years (3+ WCVs) | ||||
| Sample size (Children), N | 91,652 | 91,652 | 32,108 | 32,108 |
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.13 (1.09-1.16) | 1.13 (1.10-1.17) | 1.29 (1.15-1.45) | 1.10 (0.98-1.24) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.13 (1.07-1.18) | 1.14 (1.08-1.19) | 1.36 (1.15-1.62) | 1.16 (0.97-1.39) |
| Service uptake | 1.13 (1.09-1.17) | 1.13 (1.09-1.17) | 1.27 (1.11-1.44) | 1.08 (0.94-1.23) |
| Age: 2 to <3 years (2+ WCVs) | ||||
| Sample size (Children), N | 81,537 | 81,537 | 29,560 | 29,560 |
| PNCC (Binary), OR (95% CI) | ||||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Any | 1.19 (1.14-1.23) | 1.11 (1.06-1.15) | 1.03 (0.90-1.19) | 1.00 (0.86-1.15) |
| PNCC (Categorical), OR (95% CI) | ||||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Assessment/Care plan only | 1.09 (1.03-1.16) | 1.06 (0.99-1.13) | 0.98 (0.80-1.22) | 0.96 (0.77-1.19) |
| Service uptake | 1.24 (1.19-1.30) | 1.13 (1.08-1.18) | 1.06 (0.90-1.24) | 1.01 (0.86-1.20) |
Notes: All conventional logistic regressions clustered standard errors at the mother-level. Conventional logistic regressions sample from all children, and sibling fixed effects regressions sample only from children with in-sample siblings. The American Academy of Pediatrics provides the recommended number of annual well-child visits, which decreases with age: 6 visits at age 0 to <1 year; 3 visits at age 1 to <2 years; 2 visits at age 2 to <3 years; and 1 visit annually from age 3 to 21 years. Thus, the threshold for meeting the recommended WCV receipt decreases with age, and having any WCV receipt at age 3 to <4 years is equivalent to having the recommended receipt of WCVs.
↵*Adjusted regressions included the following control variables: maternal characteristics at delivery (age; race/ethnicity; nativity; education; marital status; residence county urbanicity; chronic hypertension; chronic diabetes) and parity.
†Adjusted regressions included the following control variables: maternal characteristics at delivery (age; education; marital status; residence county urbanicity; chronic hypertension; chronic diabetes) and parity.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PNCC, Prenatal Care Coordination; WCV, well-child visit.