Adjusted* Change in PHQ-9 and A1C, Means and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)
| Intervention | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre- | Post- | Pre- | Post- | P value** | |
| Group 1: Patients with type II diabetes who did not screen positive for depression or diabetes distress, N (%)****** | |||||
| A1C (mean. 95% CI) | 7.69 (7.33, 8.05) | 7.67 (7.29, 8.05) | 6.87 (6.48, 7.25) | 6.77 (6.37, 7.18) | 0.747 |
| Group 2: Patients with type II diabetes who screened positive for depression or diabetes distress*** | |||||
| A1C (mean, 95% CI) | 7.37 (6.78, 7.95) | 7.44 (6.82, 8.07) | 7.25 (6.82, 7.68) | 7.38 (6.92, 7.83) | 0.905 |
| PHQ-9 (mean, 95% CI) | 13.91 (9.38, 18.44) | 15.77 (8.64, 22.89) | 10.66 (8.64, 12.67) | 12.61 (10.54, 14.68) | 0.980 |
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a depression screening tool that uses a scoring range of 0–27 to indicate the Severity of depression: 0–4: None to minimal depression, and the patient may not need treatment; 5–9: Mild depression; 10–14: Moderate depression; 15–19: Moderately severe depression; 20–27: Severe depression.
*Covariate adjustment incorporates patient socio-demographic characteristics as shown in Table 2.
↵**Tests the difference in pre- versus post- change between intervention and control group.
↵***Group 1 had a sample of 50 patients per clinic; group 2 had a sample of 30 patients per clinic, with the exception of Clinic 2, where only 4 patients screened positive for depression or diabetes distress.