Population Characteristics
| Population Measures | Total Population (n = 1,954) |
|---|---|
| Demographic measures | |
| Age, N (%) | |
| 65 to 74 | 1,203 (61.6%) |
| 75 to 84 | 641 (32.8%) |
| 85+ | 110 (5.6%) |
| Mean ± SD | 73.7 ± 5.7 |
| Sex, N (%) | |
| Female | 938 (48.0%) |
| Male | 1,016 (52.0%) |
| Race/Ethnicity, N (%) | |
| Asian/Asian-American | 53 (2.7%) |
| Black/African-American | 30 (1.5%) |
| Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 3 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 64 (3.3%) |
| Native American or Alaska Native | 4 (0.2%) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 1,734 (88.7%) |
| More than one race/ethnicity or other race/ethnicity | 66 (3.4%) |
| Socioeconomic and education status | |
| Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI, mean ± SD; min = −1.7788, max = 2.9605) | −0.2 ± 0.6 |
| NDI categories, N (%) | |
| Least deprivation (−1.7788 through −0.6141) | 550 (28.2%) |
| Moderate deprivation (−0.6136 through −0.1673) | 651 (33.3%) |
| Highest deprivation (−0.1667 through 2.9605) | 753 (38.5%) |
| Highest education level, N (%) | |
| High school or less | 480 (24.6%) |
| Some college or 2-year degree | 776 (39.7%) |
| College graduate or higher | 698 (35.7%) |
| Clinical characteristics | |
| HbA1c; 1st value in the 12 months before index date (N, %) | |
| HbA1c < 8% | 1,663 (85.1%) |
| HbA1c ≥ 8% | 291 (14.9%) |
| Years on T2DM Registry before index date (mean ± SD; min = 1.0 max = 29.2) | 11.4 ± 7.1 |
| Self-reported general health, N, (%) | |
| Fair/poor | 588 (30.1%) |
| Good, very good, excellent | 1,366 (69.9%) |
| Self-reported mental health, N (%) | |
| Fair/poor | 363 (18.6%) |
| Good, very good, excellent | 1,591 (81.4% |
| Comorbidities and prior health care utilization | |
| Charlson Co-morbidity Index, N (%) | |
| 0 | 393 (20.1%) |
| 1 | 363 (18.6%) |
| 2+ | 1,198 (61.3%) |
| Prior DM-specific ED utilization N (%) | |
| 1+ DM-related ED visits in 12 months before index date | 381 (19.5%) |
| 0 DM-related ED visits in 12 months before index date | 1,573 (80.5%) |
| Prior DM-specific hospital utilization, N (%) | |
| 1+ DM-related hospital admissions in 12 months prior | 181 (9.3%) |
| 0 DM-related hospital admissions in 12 months prior | 1,773 (90.7%) |
Abbreviations: ED, Emergency Department; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; NDI, Neighborhood Deprivation Index; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.