Table 1.

Percent and Adjusted Odds of Insurance Churning Among Patients Seen in Community-Based Health Centers from 2014 to 2019*

	Total N = 300,158		Churned out of Insurance N = 39,542		Did Not Churn out of Insurance N = 260,616		aOR of Churning (95% CI)
	N	Col %	N	Row %	N	Row %	aOR of Churning (95% CI)
Diabetes diagnosis
Yes	44,864	14.9	7,954	17.7	36,910	82.3	1.25 (1.18, 1.33)
No	255,294	85.1	31,588	12.4	223,706	87.6	Reference
Sex
Female	184,675	61.5	26,990	14.6	157,685	85.4	Reference
Male	115,483	38.5	12,552	10.9	102,931	89.1	0.76 (0.71, 0.82)
Age at baseline visit
19 to 44	166,869	55.6	21,819	13.1	145,050	86.9	Reference
45 to 64	133,289	44.4	17,723	13.3	115,566	86.7	0.86 (0.81, 0.90)
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	129,756	43.2	11,940	9.2	117,816	90.8	Reference
Hispanic	94,817	31.6	16,986	17.9	77,831	82.1	1.87 (1.58, 2.22)
Non-Hispanic Black	46,497	15.5	7,742	16.7	38,755	83.3	1.73 (1.50, 1.99)
Non-Hispanic Other	13,880	4.6	1,183	8.5	12,697	91.5	0.85 (0.75, 0.98)
Missing	15,208	5.1	1,691	11.1	13,517	88.9	1.24 (1.09, 1.41)
Federal poverty level
≤138%	211,177	70.4	30,672	14.5	180,505	85.5	1.31 (1.17, 1.47)
>138%	54,467	18.1	6,662	12.2	47,805	87.8	Reference
Missing	34,514	11.5	2,208	6.4	32,306	93.6	0.59 (0.46, 0.76)
Patients’ residence
Rural	81,695	27.2	8,548	10.5	73,147	89.5	Reference
Urban	218,463	72.8	30,994	14.2	187,469	85.8	1.16 (0.93, 1.46)
Baseline payor type
Medicaid	194,208	64.7	22,863	11.8	171,345	88.2	Reference
Private insurance	105,950	35.3	16,679	15.7	89,271	84.3	1.68 (1.47, 1.92)
Comorbidities excluding diabetes
Mental health disorder only	37,487	12.5	4,582	12.2	32,905	87.8	1.06 (0.99, 1.14)
Physical comorbidity only	76,575	25.5	12,009	15.7	64,566	84.3	1.16 (1.10, 1.24)
Mental health and physical comorbidity	44,404	14.8	5,741	12.9	38,663	87.1	1.00 (0.91, 1.09)
None	141,692	47.2	17,210	12.1	124,482	87.9	Reference
Mean ambulatory visits, N (SD)	12.6	11.4	15.4	13.7	12.2	11.0	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)

Abbreviations: aOR, Adjusted odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; SD, Standard deviation.
*Sample included non-pregnant patients aged 19-64 without Medicare coverage who had a baseline insured visit between 2014 and 2017, with ≥3 ambulatory visits occurring within the subsequent 3-year period, and at least 12 months separating the first and last of these visits between 2014 and 2019. Those who churned were defined as having ≥2 consecutive uninsured visits. Those who did not churn included those who had every visit insured or those who had one single uninsured. χ² tests for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables were used to test for differences between churning groups, except for age groups, all were significant at P < .001.
Bolded estimates are significant at P < .05.