Outcomes for the Overall Population and the Ten Most Common Multimorbidity Combinations
| Multimorbidity pairs | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | CIR-CIR | CIR-END | CIR-MBD | CIR-MUS | DIG-END | END-END | END-MBD | EXT-INJ | MBD-MBD | MUS-MUS | P-Value | |
| n | 2,11,953 | 18,295 | 28,063 | 15,601 | 13,589 | 13,966 | 19,167 | 13,475 | 19,037 | 23,730 | 12,770 | |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| White | 1,20,323 (56.8) | 12,503 (68.3) | 17,437 (62.1) | 9,235 (59.2) | 8,045 (59.2) | 8,574 (61.4) | 11,483 (59.9) | 8,183 (60.7) | 10,578 (55.6) | 14,210 (59.9) | 7,069 (55.4) | <0.001 |
| Black or African American | 49,078 (23.2) | 4,096 (22.4) | 7,319 (26.1) | 4,651 (29.8) | 3,972 (29.2) | 3,405 (24.4) | 5,077 (26.5) | 3,608 (26.8) | 5,024 (26.4) | 6,191 (26.1) | 3,733 (29.2) | |
| Other | 31,189 (14.7) | 1,242 (6.8) | 2,527 (9.0) | 1,417 (9.1) | 1,240 (9.1) | 1,559 (11.2) | 2,026 (10.6) | 1,380 (10.2) | 2,730 (14.4) | 2,703 (11.4) | 1,567 (12.3) | |
| Asian | 5,797 (2.7) | 198 (1.1) | 338 (1.2) | 92 (0.6) | 125 (0.9) | 174 (1.2) | 253 (1.3) | 86 (0.6) | 325 (1.7) | 221 (0.9) | 152 (1.2) | |
| Unknown | 4,029 (1.9) | 169 (0.9) | 285 (1.0) | 109 (0.7) | 119 (0.9) | 140 (1.0) | 205 (1.1) | 117 (0.9) | 269 (1.4) | 211 (0.9) | 135 (1.1) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 607 (0.3) | 56 (0.3) | 93 (0.3) | 64 (0.4) | 55 (0.4) | 57 (0.4) | 74 (0.4) | 64 (0.5) | 47 (0.2) | 95 (0.4) | 60 (0.5) | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 674 (0.3) | 29 (0.2) | 59 (0.2) | 29 (0.2) | 29 (0.2) | 54 (0.4) | 47 (0.2) | 36 (0.3) | 47 (0.2) | 82 (0.3) | 48 (0.4) | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Female | 1,15,895 (54.7) | 8,980 (49.1) | 15,227 (54.3) | 7,877 (50.5) | 7,834 (57.6) | 8,164 (58.5) | 11,169 (58.3) | 7,563 (56.1) | 8,961 (47.1) | 11,911 (50.2) | 7,749 (60.7) | <0.001 |
| Male | 96,055 (45.3 | 9,315 (50.9) | 12,836 (45.7) | 7,723 (49.5) | 5,755 (42.4) | 5,801 (41.5) | 7,998 (41.7) | 5,912 (43.9) | 10,076 (52.9) | 11,817 (49.8) | 5,021 (39.3) | |
| Age, median [Q1, Q3] | 38.0 [20.9,59.0] | 70.4 [58.8,81.7] | 65.2 [54.2,77.2] | 58.0 [47.4,68.3] | 65.0 [54.2,77.6] | 60.1 [46.3,73.1] | 62.2 [50.0,74.7] | 56.1 [42.8,66.9] | 35.6 [21.5,57.9] | 39.9 [27.3,55.4] | 55.4 [40.1,68.7] | <0.001 |
| Chronic disease burden, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| 0 or 1 disease | 87,166 (41.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| ≥ 2 diseases (multimorbidity) | 1,24,787 (58.9) | 18,295 (100.0) | 28,063 (100.0) | 15,601 (100.0) | 13,589 (100.0) | 13,966 (100.0) | 19,167 (100.0) | 13,475 (100.0) | 19,037 (100.0) | 23,730 (100.0) | 12,770 (100.0) | |
| Chronic disease burden, mean (S.D.) | 3.0 (3.5) | 9.1 (6.0) | 8.2 (5.4) | 9.3 (5.8) | 9.5 (5.9) | 10.3 (6.1) | 9.3 (5.8) | 9.8 (5.9) | 5.5 (4.7) | 7.1 (5.0) | 7.7 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Chronic disease burden, median [Q1, Q3] | 2.0 [1.0,4.0] | 7.0 [5.0,12.0] | 7.0 [4.0,11.0] | 8.0 [5.0,12.0] | 8.0 [5.0,12.0] | 9.0 [6.0,14.0] | 8.0 [5.0,12.0] | 8.0 [5.0,13.0] | 4.0 [3.0,7.0] | 6.0 [4.0,9.0] | 6.0 [3.0,10.0] | <0.001 |
| Visits Per Year, mean (S.D.) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.8 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.6 (1.2) | 0.7 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Death, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 12,023 (5.7) | 4,217 (23.1) | 4,620 (16.5) | 2,186 (14.0) | 2,270 (16.7) | 2,292 (16.4) | 3,038 (15.9) | 1,699 (12.6) | 1,182 (6.2) | 1,483 (6.2) | 1,317 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 1,99,930 (94.3) | 14,078 (76.9) | 23,443 (83.5) | 13,415 (86.0) | 11,319 (83.3) | 11,674 (83.6) | 16,129 (84.1) | 11,776 (87.4) | 17,855 (93.8) | 22,247 (93.8) | 11,453 (89.7) | |
Notes: Headings refer to multimorbidity pairs by AHRQ classification. For example, CIR-CIR refers to the coexistence of two circulatory system diagnoses, and CIR-END refers to the coexistence of a circulatory system and endocrine diagnosis. (see appendix table 1).