Top Factors Influencing Providers Decisions to Discuss Food Insecurity (FI) with Patients, by Respondent's Demographic Characteristics
| Patient reports change in living status | Patient/Family has history of homelessness/ | Comes up in conversation | Food Insecurity screen identifies an issue | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | 95% | CI | % | 95% | CI | % | 95% | CI | % | 95% | CI | Interaction Effect p-Value | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 571 | 72.0 | 68.2 | 75.5 | 65.2 | 61.2 | 69.0 | 55.9 | 51.8 | 59.9 | 55.9 | 51.8 | 59.9 | |
| Male | 321 | 58.6 | 53.1 | 63.8 | 64.8 | 59.4 | 69.8 | 59.5 | 54.0 | 64.7 | 50.8 | 45.3 | 56.2 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI); p-value | Gender*Reason | |||||||||||||
| Female versus Male | 1.82 (1.26, 2.62); <0.0001 | 1.02 (0.70, 1.46); >0.99 | 0.86 (0.60, 1.23); >0.99 | 1.23 (0.86, 1.74); 0.57 | 0.005 | |||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||
| <40 | 283 | 63.3 | 57.5 | 68.7 | 59.4 | 53.5 | 64.9 | 67.1 | 61.5 | 72.4 | 53.4 | 47.5 | 59.1 | |
| 40 to 49 | 241 | 68.9 | 62.8 | 74.4 | 60.2 | 53.9 | 66.2 | 57.3 | 50.9 | 63.4 | 61.4 | 55.1 | 67.4 | |
| 50 to 59 | 173 | 68.2 | 60.9 | 74.7 | 66.5 | 59.1 | 73.1 | 56.1 | 48.6 | 63.3 | 52.0 | 44.6 | 59.4 | |
| ≥60 | 136 | 69.9 | 61.6 | 77.0 | 76.5 | 68.6 | 82.9 | 44.1 | 36.0 | 52.6 | 46.3 | 38.1 | 54.7 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI); p-value | Age (P > .99) | Age (P = .015) | Age (P = .0004) | Age (P = .129) | Age*Reason<0.0001 | |||||||||
| ≥60 versus <40 | 2.22 (1.09, 4.56); 0.015 | 0.39 (0.20, 0.74); <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| >60 versus 40 to 49 | 2.15 (1.03, 4.48); 0.032 | |||||||||||||
| Race | ||||||||||||||
| White (non-hispanic) | 661 | 66.3 | 62.6 | 69.8 | 65.7 | 62.0 | 69.2 | 57.5 | 53.7 | 61.2 | 54.8 | 51.0 | 58.5 | |
| Non-White/Multi-racial | 225 | 68.4 | 62.1 | 74.2 | 62.2 | 55.7 | 68.3 | 57.3 | 50.8 | 63.6 | 51.6 | 45.0 | 58.0 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI); p-value | Race*Reason | |||||||||||||
| White versus Non-white | 0.91 (0.60, 1.37); >0.99 | 1.16 (0.78, 1.73); >0.99 | 1.01 (0.68, 1.49); >0.99 | 1.14 (0.77, 1.67); >0.99 | 0.71 | |||||||||
| Under-represented in medicine | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 161 | 67.7 | 60.1 | 74.5 | 58.4 | 50.6 | 65.8 | 56.5 | 48.8 | 64.0 | 54.0 | 46.3 | 61.6 | |
| No | 742 | 67.0 | 63.5 | 70.3 | 65.6 | 62.1 | 69.0 | 57.6 | 54.0 | 61.1 | 54.0 | 50.4 | 57.6 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI); p-value | UnderRep*Reason | |||||||||||||
| Yes versus No | 1.03 (0.65, 1.64); >0.99 | 0.74 (0.47, 1.14); 0.33 | 0.96 (0.62, 1.49); >0.99 | 1.00 (0.65, 1.55); >0.99 | 0.58 | |||||||||
| Year earned degree | ||||||||||||||
| Before 2000 | 312 | 68.3 | 62.9 | 73.2 | 70.5 | 65.2 | 75.3 | 50.0 | 44.5 | 55.5 | 51.9 | 46.4 | 57.4 | |
| 2000 to 2010 | 271 | 67.2 | 61.4 | 72.5 | 66.4 | 60.6 | 71.8 | 57.6 | 51.6 | 63.3 | 57.9 | 52.0 | 63.7 | |
| After 2010 | 320 | 65.6 | 60.3 | 70.6 | 56.9 | 51.4 | 62.2 | 64.4 | 59.0 | 69.4 | 52.5 | 47.0 | 57.9 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI); p-value | DegreeYr (P > .99) | DegreeYr (P = .005) | DegreeYr (P = .005) | DegreeYr (P > .99) | DegreeYr*Reason | |||||||||
| After 2010 versus Before 2000 | 0.55 (0.34, 0.89); 0.004 | 1.81 (1.14, 2.87); 0.003 | 0.002 | |||||||||||
| Year earned degree | ||||||||||||||
| MD/DO with PhD | 46 | 67.4 | 52.7 | 79.3 | 58.7 | 44.1 | 71.9 | 67.4 | 52.7 | 79.3 | 56.5 | 42.1 | 70.0 | |
| MD | 678 | 64.9 | 61.2 | 68.4 | 65.8 | 62.1 | 69.3 | 56.2 | 52.4 | 59.9 | 54.3 | 50.5 | 58.0 | |
| DO | 100 | 73.0 | 63.5 | 80.8 | 58.0 | 48.1 | 67.3 | 57.0 | 47.2 | 66.3 | 53.0 | 43.2 | 62.6 | |
| Masters/PhD/Other Doctoral | 81 | 77.8 | 67.5 | 85.5 | 64.2 | 53.2 | 73.9 | 60.5 | 49.5 | 70.5 | 51.9 | 41.1 | 62.5 | Degree*Reason |
| Among Degrees | Degree (P = .27) | Degree (P > .99) | Degree (P > .99) | Degree (P > .99) | 0.31 | |||||||||
| Institute type | ||||||||||||||
| Medical school (Allopath/Osteopath) | 511 | 68.9 | 64.7 | 72.8 | 64.8 | 60.5 | 68.8 | 58.3 | 54.0 | 62.5 | 51.5 | 47.1 | 55.8 | |
| Not medical school | 392 | 64.8 | 59.9 | 69.4 | 64.3 | 59.4 | 68.9 | 55.6 | 50.7 | 60.5 | 57.7 | 52.7 | 62.5 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI); p-value | InstType*Reason | |||||||||||||
| Med school versus not | 1.20 (0.84, 1.72); 0.78 | 1.02 (0.72, 1.45); >0.99 | 1.12 (0.80, 1.57); >0.99 | 0.78 (0.56, 1.09); 0.26 | 0.18 | |||||||||
| Institute residency program | Residency*Reason | |||||||||||||
| Family medicine + other | 629 | 65.5 | 61.7 | 69.1 | 64.4 | 60.6 | 68.0 | 59.3 | 55.4 | 63.1 | 54.2 | 50.3 | 58.1 | |
| Family medicine only | 237 | 70.9 | 64.8 | 76.3 | 65.0 | 58.7 | 70.8 | 52.7 | 46.4 | 59.0 | 54.4 | 48.1 | 60.7 | |
| No Family medicine/No residency | 36 | 72.2 | 55.6 | 84.4 | 66.7 | 50.0 | 80.0 | 52.8 | 36.8 | 68.3 | 44.4 | 29.3 | 60.7 | |
| Among institute residency prog | Residency (P > .99) | Residency (P > .99) | Residency (P = .76) | Residency (P > .99) | 0.46 | |||||||||
| Location class area of work | LocClass*Reason | |||||||||||||
| Urban | 466 | 66.5 | 62.1 | 70.7 | 62.9 | 58.4 | 67.2 | 59.0 | 54.5 | 63.4 | 55.6 | 51.0 | 60.0 | |
| Suburban | 292 | 65.1 | 59.4 | 70.3 | 65.1 | 59.4 | 70.3 | 57.9 | 52.1 | 63.4 | 53.8 | 48.0 | 59.4 | |
| Rural | 147 | 72.8 | 65.0 | 79.4 | 68.0 | 60.1 | 75.1 | 50.3 | 42.3 | 58.3 | 49.7 | 41.7 | 57.7 | |
| Among location class area | LocClass (P > .99) | LocClass (P > .99) | LocClass (P = .70) | LocClass (P > .99) | 0.32 | |||||||||
| Work in underserved area | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 244 | 68.0 | 61.9 | 73.6 | 67.2 | 61.1 | 72.8 | 55.3 | 49.0 | 61.5 | 56.2 | 49.9 | 62.3 | |
| No/unsure | 656 | 66.8 | 63.1 | 70.3 | 63.4 | 59.7 | 67.0 | 58.2 | 54.4 | 62.0 | 53.2 | 49.4 | 57.0 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI); p-value | Underserved*Reason | |||||||||||||
| Yes versus no/unsure | 1.06 (0.71, 1.58); >0.99 | 1.18 (0.80, 1.76); >0.99 | 0.89 (0.61, 1.30); >0.99 | 1.13 (0.77, 1.64); >0.99 | 0.65 | |||||||||
*Note: For each demographic variable the p-values for the test of effect of demographic variable and pairwise comparisons have been adjusted for multiplicity (i.e. number of reasons and number of pairwise comparisons).
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.