Factors Related to Clinician Burnout: Adjusted Binary Logistic Regression Models for the Rural and Urban Subgroups of Physician and Advanced Practice Clinician Survey Respondents
| Rural Subgroup | Urban Subgroup | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mini Z | Mini Z + Independent Variables | Mini Z | Mini Z + Independent Variables | |
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| High satisfaction | 0.22 (0.10-0.51)*** | 0.26 (0.11-0.65)** | 0.19 (0.11-0.34)*** | 0.24 (0.13-0.44)*** |
| High stress | 9.97 (4.89-20.29)*** | 8.53 (4.09-17.78)*** | 7.50 (4.63-12.13)*** | 7.55 (4.60-12.41)*** |
| Values alignment | 0.38 (0.18-0.80)* | 0.42 (0.19-0.90)* | 0.57 (0.33-0.98)* | 0.63 (0.36-1.09) |
| Lack of workload control | 3.11 (1.54-6.29)** | 3.06 (1.47-6.36)** | 1.97 (1.28-3.04)** | 1.81 (1.15-2.83)* |
| EMR time pressure | 1.44 (0.68-3.02) | 1.45 (0.67-3.13) | 1.28 (0.79-2.06) | 1.29 (0.80-2.11) |
| High teamwork | 1.64 (0.63-4.34) | 1.67 (0.61-4.57) | 0.69 (0.35-1.35) | 0.75 (0.37-1.51) |
| Chaotic work atmosphere | 2.45 (1.29-4.67)** | 2.53 (1.29-4.99)** | 1.09 (0.71-1.65) | 0.98 (0.63-1.52) |
| High home EMR time | 0.79 (0.37-1.69) | 1.01 (0.45-2.27) | 1.46 (0.87-2.42) | 1.50 (0.89-2.52) |
| High intent to leave in 2 years | 2.18 (1.06-4.45)* | 2.48 (1.54-3.98)*** | ||
| Negative work experiences: | ||||
| Gender | 0.95 (0.15-5.84) | 2.34 (0.97-5.64) | ||
| Race | 0.25 (0.01-7.75) | 0.09 (0.01-0.67)* | ||
| APC* | 1.31 (0.60-2.89) | 1.01 (0.63-1.62) | ||
| Part-time† | 0.30 (0.11-0.81)* | 0.67 (0.36-1.25) | ||
| Gender‡ | ||||
| Female | 1.55 (0.80-3.02) | 1.81 (0.79-4.15) | 1.06 (0.69-1.63) | 0.97 (0.59-1.59) |
| Other§ | 1.19 (0.18-8.08) | 0.81 (0.08-8.15) | 0.73 (0.29-1.81) | 0.72 (0.28-1.88) |
| BIPOC/multiracial‖ | 0.10 (0.02-0.46)** | 0.11 (0.02-0.58)** | 1.12 (0.56-2.24) | 1.34 (0.63-2.86) |
| N | 317 | 315 | 646 | 645 |
| Likelihood Ratio χ2 (df) | 180.49 (11)*** | 190.25 (16)*** | 301.64 (11)*** | 324.51 (16)*** |
| Pearson’s χ2 Model Fit (df) | 159.94 (150) | 211.44 (212) | 257.63 (228) | 421.65 (386) |
| McKelvey & Zavoina’s pseudo R2 | 0.609 | 0.643 | 0.502 | 0.537 |
Note: Models adjusted for gender (male, female, or other/prefer not to answer) and race (white or BIPOC/multiple race/ethnicity). ***P < .001, **P < .01, *P <.05.
↵*Compared with physicians.
↵†Compared with full-time employment.
↵‡Compared to males.
↵§Includes other, prefer not to answer, binary, transgender.
↵‖Compared to white.
Abbreviations: APC, advanced practice clinician; BIPOC, black, Indigenous, and people of color; CI, confidence interval; df, degrees of freedom; n/a, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; EMR, electronic medical record.