Table 2.

Adjusted Odds of Past 30-Day Prescription Sedative Use Among Community-Dwelling Adult Males in Florida, n = 4,732

Variable	Model 1 (Controlled for Chronic Pain and Veteran Status)	Model 2 (Significant Factors from Model 1 + Sociodemographic Factors)	Model 3 (Significant Factors from Model 2 + Health Conditions, Health Care Utilization, and Drug Use)	Model 4 (Model 3 + Interaction Term Veteran Status*Chronic Pain)
Variable	Past 30-Day Sedative Use (vs no Use) aOR (95% CI)	Past 30-Day Sedative Use (vs no Use) aOR (95% CI)	Past 30-Day Sedative Use (vs no Use) aOR (95% CI)	Past 30-Day Sedative Use (vs no Use) aOR (95% CI)
Veteran status
Nonveteran	Ref	Ref	Ref
Veteran	2.24 (1.79 – 2.82)	1.88 (1.47 – 2.42)	1.67 (1.28 – 2.18)	1.52 (0.92 – 2.53)
Chronic pain (back pain or osteoarthritis)
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	2.84 (2.22 – 3.63)	2.43 (1.89 – 3.14)	1.42 (1.07 – 1.88)	1.37 (0.98 – 0.91)
Socio-demographic factors
Age group
<50		Ref
≥50		1.15 (0.90 – 1.47)	Eliminated	Eliminated
Race
White		Ref
Black		0.51 (0.40 – 0.64)	0.75 (0.58 – 0.98)	0.75 (0.58 – 0.98)
Other*		0.74 (0.47 – 1.17)	0.84 (0.51 – 1.38)	0.83 (0.51 – 1.37)
Education
<High school		Ref
≥High school		1.33 (0.99 – 1.79)	Eliminated	Eliminated
Employment
Unemployed		Ref	Ref	Ref
Employed		0.66 (0.50 – 0.88)	0.94 (0.70 –1.27)	0.94 (0.70 –1.27)
Marital status
Other**		Ref
Married		0.84 (0.63 – 1.13)	Eliminated	Eliminated
Food insecurity
No		Ref
Yes		1.41 (1.12 – 1.78)	1.05 (0.81 –1.37)	1.06 (0.81 –1.38)
Health, health care utilization, and drug use
Health insurance
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			1.39 (1.06 – 1.83)	1.40 (1.06 – 1.83)
Annual checkup
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			1.77 (1.31 – 2.39)	1.76 (1.31 – 2.38)
ED visits (at least one visit in past 6 months)
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			1.40 (1.09 – 1.81)	1.40 (1.09 – 1.81)
Insomnia
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			1.41 (1.08 –1.83)	1.41 (1.08 –1.83)
Anxiety
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			4.65 (3.46 – 6.24)	4.65 (3.46 – 6.24)
Depression
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			1.94 (1.44 – 2.63)	1.95 (1.44 – 2.63)
Prescription opioid use (past 30-day)
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			3.46 (2.61 –4.59)	3.47 (2.62 –4.60)
High risk alcohol use (past 30-day)
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			0.99 (0.75 –1.31)	0.99 (0.75 –1.31)
Marijuana use (past 30-day)
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			1.02 (0.76 –1.38)	1.02 (0.76 –1.38)
Illicit drug use (cocaine or heroin) (past 30-day)
No			Ref	Ref
Yes			2.33 (1.42 – 3.83)	2.35 (1.42 – 3.86)
Interaction termveteran status * chronic pain
Nonveteran and No chronic pain				Ref
Veteran and No chronic pain				1.52 (0.92 – 2.53)
Nonveteran and chronic pain				1.37 (0.98 – 1.91)
Veteran and chronic pain				2.08 (1.02 – 4.27)

Other* = Asian, American Indian/Alaskan native, native Hawaiian/pacific islander.
Other** = never married, separated, divorced, widowed.
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio.