Adjusted Associations Between Physician-Level Continuity of Care Quintile, Total Cost, and Preventable Hospitalization
| Variable | Total Cost% Change (95% CI) | Any Preventable HospitalizationOdds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Physician-Level Continuity of Care Quintile | ||
| Quintile 5 (highest scores) | 10.8% (8.1%, 13.7%)* | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) |
| Quintile 4 | 11.8% (9.1%, 14.6%)* | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) |
| Quintile 3 | 7.0% (4.4%, 9.6%)* | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) |
| Quintiles 1&2 (lowest scores) | – | – |
| Age† | −0.4% (−0.5%, −0.3%)* | 1.16 (1.14, 1.18)* |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 10.5% (10.2%, 10.8%)* | 1.22 (1.17, 1.27)* |
| Male | – | – |
| Geography of residence | ||
| Isolated small rural town | 1.6% (0.5%, 2.7%)* | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) |
| Small rural town | 0.8% (−0.3%, 1.9%) | 1.25 (1.14, 1.37)* |
| Large rural city/town | 1.9% (0.9%, 2.8%)* | 1.20 (1.09, 1.31)* |
| Urban | – | – |
| Primary insurance payer | ||
| Medicare | −34.9% (−35.2%, −34.6%)* | 1.56 (1.44, 1.70)* |
| Medicaid | −25.0% (−25.5%, −24.6%)* | 1.62 (1.43, 1.84)* |
| Commercial | – | – |
| SDI | ||
| 75+ | 0.3% (−0.2%, 0.8%) | 1.08 (1.03, 1.14) |
| 1 to 74 | – | – |
| CCI (log)† | 8.7% (8.6%, 8.7%)* | 1.23 (1.22, 1.24)* |
| MARA (log)† | 28.8% (28.8%, 28.9%)* | 1.49 (1.48, 1.50)* |
| Physician specialty | ||
| Internal medicine | 0.7% (−1.3%, 2.7%) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) |
| Pediatric medicine | −10.4% (−12.4%, −8.3%)* | –** |
| Family medicine | – | – |
Abbreviations: SDI, Social deprivation Index; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity Index; MARA, Milliman Advanced Risk Adjusters; CI, confidence interval.
↵Notes: *P < .05.
↵**The specification of preventable hospitalization targets patients aged 18 and older. As a result, patients of pediatricians were excluded from this regression.
†Age centered at 53, estimate of 10-year increase. CCI centered at 0, estimate of 1 point increase. MARA centered at 1, estimate of 1 point increase.