Average Medical Expenditures by Sector for COVID-19 Patients with Initial COVID-19 Hospitalization and COVID-19 Diagnosis but No Hospitalization
| Unmatched | Matched Treatment Effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Subjects $ | Control Subjects $ | Difference $ | Control | Difference $ | |
| (n) | (n) | (%) | Subjects $ | (%) | |
| Outpatient services | |||||
| 30 days | 6,458 (4843) | 2,856 (315,888) | 3,602 (77) | 3,477 | 2,981*** (60) |
| 60 days | 6,386 (3724) | 2,610 (257,627) | 3,776 (84) | 3,342 | 3,044*** (63) |
| 120 days | 4,872 (2622) | 1,934 (166,900) | 2,937 (86) | 2,922 | 1,950*** (50) |
| Inpatient admissions and services | |||||
| 30 days | 93,597 (512) | 46,381 (5294) | 47,216 (67) | 48,756 | 44,841*(63) |
| 60 days | 105,524 (333) | 45,584 (4034) | 59,940 (79) | 48,662 | 56,862* (74) |
| 120 days | 67,404 (171) | 42,691 (2050) | 24,714 (45) | 44,204 | 23,200** (42) |
| Pharmaceuticals | |||||
| 30 days | 2,533 (4000) | 1,600 (248,703) | 933 (45) | 2,054 | 479** (21) |
| 60 days | 2,438 (3159) | 1,476 (202,328) | 963 (49) | 1,974 | 464** (21) |
| 120 days | 1,854 (2232) | 1,120 (130,261) | 734 (49) | 1,525 | 329* (19) |
| Total | |||||
| 30 days | 17,329 (5155) | 4,380 (352,895) | 12,949 (119) | 6,087 | 11,242*** (96) |
| 60 days | 16,486 (4041) | 4,005 (288,316) | 12,481 (122) | 6,093 | 10,393*** (92) |
| 120 days | 9,729 (2923) | 2,897 (192,065) | 6,832 (108) | 4,770 | 4,959*** (68) |
Notes: Statistical significance (*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001) using z-score; All spending is assessed 30, 60 or 120 days after the COVID-19 index data till the end of the calendar year. The difference for control subjects in both the unmatched and matched models is relative to the cases subjects.