Table 1.

Characteristics and Services of Primary Care Practices in 2022 Compared with 2018

2022 (N, %)2018 (N, %)
Response Rate526/2296 (22.9%)481/1622 (29.7%)VirginiaP-Value*
Characteristics
 Practice Specialty
  Family Medicine/Internal Medicine438/526 (83.3%)479/481 (99.6%)1930/2,296 (84.0%)<0.0001
  OB/GYN10/526 (1.9%)0/481 (0%)94/2,296 (4.1%)0.0020
  Pediatrics78/526 (14.8%)2/481 (0.4%)272/2,296 (11.8%)<0.0001
 Practice location by zip code
  Rural254/526 (48.3%)254/479 (53.0%)1020/2,296 (44.4%)0.1710
  Suburban154/526 (29.3%)140/479 (29.2%)755/2,296 (32.9%)<0.9999
  Urban118/526 (22.4%)85/479 (17.8%)513/2,296 (22.3%)0.0714
 Ownership
  Hospital/health system216/506 (42.7%)107/427 (25.1%)806/2,296 (35%)<0.0001
  Clinician196/506 (38.7%)228/427 (53.4%)±<0.0001
  Clinician partially-owned5/506 (1.0%)11/427 (2.6%)0.0509
  Private sponsor/investor/corporation79/506 (15.6%)76/427 (17.8%)0.4205
  Insurance company0/506 (0.0%)0/427 (0.0%)
  University5/506 (1.0%)5/427 (1.2%)>0.9999
  Government5/506 (1.0%)0/427 (0.0%)0.0663
 Role of respondent completing practice survey
  Office Manager239/526 (45.4%)
  Administrative Personnel77/526 (14.6%)
  Physician, Physician Assistant, Nurse Practitioner118/526 (22.4%)
  Nurse6/526 (1.1%)
  Other80/526 (15.2%)
  Not answered6/526 (1.1%)
 Mean estimated payer mix for practices±±
  Medicare23.8%29.4%<0.0001
  Medicaid21.8%12.1%<0.0001
  Commercial/private insurance45.4%48.4%0.0879
  Uninsured/self-pay8.9%10.1%0.2625
 Practices accepting new patients with:
  Medicare399/489 (81.6%)378/430 (87.9%)0.0108
  Medicaid399/507 (78.7%)295/430 (68.6%)0.0006
  Commercial/private insurance465/507 (91.7%)418/437 (95.6%)0.0203
  Uninsured437/503 (86.9%)382/426 (89.7%)0.2260
Population Demographics
 Estimated patients by race±±
  White59.5%67.4%<0.0001
  Black26.6%23.5%0.0256
  Asian or Pacific Islander6.0%8.5%0.0105
  Native American or Alaska Native1.0%3.0%0.0018
  Other6.9%
 Estimated percentage of Hispanic patients21.7%11.1%
 Care for vulnerable populations
  Low income437/512 (85.4%)
  Group home258/512 (50.4%)
  Undocumented156/512 (30.5%)
  Refugee/special visa128/512 (25.0%)
  Transgender274/512 (53.5%)
  Homeless220/512 (43.0%)
  Non-English speaking339/512 (66.2%)
  Opioid use disorder222/512 (43.4%)
  No vulnerable people47/512 (9.2%)
  • *P value comparing values for 2022 versus 2018.

  • ±refers to data not available or not included in analysis (e.g., questions not included in the 2018 survey).

  • ±±Two sample t test was used to compare means between two groups.