Table 1.

Weighted Means or Proportions with 95% Confidence Intervals of Study Variables, Stratified by Era and Child Special Health Care Needs (SHCN) Status (n = 147,487)

Variable	Families without CSHCN			Families with CSHCN
Variable	Pre-Pandemic (n = 44,345)	Pandemic Era (n = 69,160)	P	Pre-Pandemic (n = 13,582)	Pandemic Era (n = 20,400)	P
Caregiver physical health
Excellent	0.23 (0.22, 0.23)	0.22 (0.21, 0.23)	0.506	0.13 (0.12, 0.14)	0.12 (0.11, 0.13)	0.328
Very good	0.40 (0.39, 0.41)	0.40 (0.39, 0.41)	0.678	0.34 (0.32, 0.36)	0.33 (0.32, 0.35)	0.408
Good	0.29 (0.29, 0.30)	0.30 (0.29, 0.31)	0.707	0.35 (0.34, 0.37)	0.36 (0.35, 0.37)	0.624
Fair	0.07 (0.06, 0.07)	0.07 (0.07, 0.07)	0.764	0.14 (0.12, 0.15)	0.14 (0.12, 0.16)	0.357
Poor	0.01 (0.01, 0.02)	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	0.255	0.04 (0.03, 0.05)	0.04 (0.03, 0.05)	0.632
Caregiver mental health
Excellent	0.34 (0.33, 0.35)	0.31 (0.30, 0.31)	<0.001	0.21 (0.20, 0.22)	0.18 (0.16, 0.19)	<0.001
Very good	0.38 (0.37, 0.39)	0.38 (0.37, 0.39)	0.884	0.35 (0.34, 0.37)	0.33 (0.32, 0.35)	0.089
Good	0.22 (0.21, 0.23)	0.24 (0.23, 0.25)	<0.001	0.31 (0.29, 0.33)	0.33 (0.32, 0.35)	0.036
Fair	0.05 (0.05, 0.06)	0.06 (0.06, 0.07)	0.001	0.11 (0.10, 0.12)	0.13 (0.12, 0.14)	0.001
Poor	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	0.046	0.02 (0.02, 0.03)	0.03 (0.02, 0.03)	0.736
Caregiver age (years)	41.1 (40.9, 41.3)	41.1 (41.0, 41.3)	0.736	43.3 (43.0, 43.6)	43.5 (43.2, 43.7)	0.369
Caregiver born outside US	0.30 (0.29, 0.31)	0.30 (0.29, 0.31)	0.467	0.18 (0.16, 0.19)	0.19 (0.18, 0.21)	0.241
Caregiver education
High school or less	0.23 (0.22, 0.24)	0.24 (0.23, 0.24)	0.578	0.21 (0.20, 0.23)	0.20 (0.19, 0.22)	0.404
Some college	0.26 (0.25, 0.27)	0.24 (0.23, 0.25)	0.001	0.30 (0.29, 0.32)	0.29 (0.28, 0.31)	0.513
Four-year college degree	0.51 (0.50, 0.52)	0.52 (0.52, 0.53)	0.031	0.49 (0.47, 0.50)	0.50 (0.49, 0.52)	0.155
Household language
English	0.84 (0.83, 0.85)	0.84 (0.83, 0.84)	0.217	0.93 (0.92, 0.94)	0.91 (0.90, 0.92)	0.031
Any other language	0.16 (0.15, 0.17)	0.16 (0.16, 0.17)	0.217	0.07 (0.06, 0.08)	0.09 (0.08, 0.10)	0.031
Household structure
Two parents	0.75 (0.74, 0.76)	0.74 (0.73, 0.74)	0.026	0.64 (0.62, 0.66)	0.66 (0.64, 0.67)	0.250
Single mother	0.16 (0.15, 0.17)	0.17 (0.16, 0.18)	0.021	0.24 (0.22, 0.26)	0.23 (0.21, 0.24)	0.216
Any other	0.09 (0.09, 0.10)	0.09 (0.09, 0.10)	0.701	0.12 (0.11, 0.13)	0.12 (0.11, 0.13)	0.984
Child age (years)	8.3 (8.2, 8.4)	8.2 (8.2, 8.3)	0.790	10.3 (10.2, 10.5)	10.4 (10.3, 10.6)	0.508
Child sex
Female	0.51 (0.50, 0.52)	0.50 (0.50, 0.51)	0.955	0.43 (0.41, 0.44)	0.43 (0.41, 0.44)	0.924
Male	0.49 (0.48, 0.50)	0.50 (0.49, 0.50)	0.955	0.57 (0.56, 0.59)	0.57 (0.56, 0.59)	0.924
Child race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	0.51 (0.50, 0.52)	0.51 (0.50, 0.51)	0.869	0.54 (0.52, 0.56)	0.52 (0.51, 0.54)	0.117
Non-Hispanic Black	0.12 (0.12, 0.13)	0.12 (0.12, 0.13)	0.975	0.16 (0.15, 0.17)	0.15 (0.14, 0.17)	0.518
Hispanic or Latino	0.26 (0.25, 0.27)	0.26 (0.25, 0.27)	0.870	0.20 (0.18, 0.22)	0.23 (0.21, 0.25)	0.014
None of the above	0.11 (0.11, 0.12)	0.11 (0.11, 0.12)	0.544	0.10 (0.09, 0.11)	0.09 (0.08, 0.10)	0.335
Child health insurance
Private	0.62 (0.61, 0.63)	0.62 (0.61, 0.63)	0.887	0.56 (0.54, 0.57)	0.56 (0.54, 0.57)	0.886
Public	0.27 (0.26, 0.28)	0.27 (0.26, 0.28)	0.682	0.37 (0.36, 0.39)	0.37 (0.35, 0.38)	0.646
Other	0.04 (0.03, 0.04)	0.04 (0.03, 0.04)	0.502	0.03 (0.03, 0.04)	0.03 (0.03, 0.04)	0.851
None	0.07 (0.07, 0.08)	0.07 (0.07, 0.08)	0.377	0.04 (0.03, 0.05)	0,04 (0,03, 0.05)	0.567
Child health condition limits age-typical activities
Never^a	0.95 (0.95, 0.96)	0.97 (0.96, 0.97)	<0.001	0.48 (0.47, 0.50)	0.51 (0.50, 0.53)	0.024
Sometimes	0.04 (0.04, 0.05)	0.03 (0.03, 0.04)	<0.001	0.38 (0.36, 0.39)	0.37 (0.36, 0.39)	0.621
Often	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.193	0.08 (0.07, 0.10)	0.07 (0.06, 0.07)	0.007
Always	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.793	0.05 (0.05, 0.06)	0.05 (0.04, 0.06)	0.644
Child overall health
Excellent	0.73 (0.72, 0.74)	0.74 (0.73, 0.74)	0.783	0.36 (0.35, 0.38)	0.37 (0.35, 0.38)	0.914
Very good	0.21 (0.20, 0.22)	0.21 (0.20, 0.22)	0.628	0.36 (0.35, 0.38)	0.36 (0.35, 0.38)	0.993
Good	0.05 (0.04, 0.05)	0.05 (0.04, 0.05)	0.983	0.21 (0.20, 0.23)	0.21 (0.20, 0.22)	0.759
Fair	0.00 (0.00, 0.01)	0.00 (0.00, 0.01)	0.660	0.05 (0.04, 0.06)	0.06 (0.05, 0.07)	0.511
Poor	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.143	0.01 (0.01, 0.01)	0.01 (0.00, 0.01)	0.278
Family income (% FPL)
<100	0.18 (0.17, 0.19)	0.18 (0.17, 0.18)	0.675	0.22 (0.20, 0.24)	0.19 (0.17, 0.21)	0.040
100 to 199	0.22 (0.20, 0.23)	0.20 (0.20, 0.21)	0.138	0.22 (0.21, 0.24)	0.22 (0.21, 0.24)	0.885
200 to 399	0.29 (0.28, 0.30)	0.29 (0.29, 0.30)	0.260	0.26 (0.24, 0.27)	0.29 (0.27, 0.30)	0.007
400 or greater	0.32 (0.31, 0.33)	0.33 (0.32, 0.33)	0.292	0.30 (0.28, 0.31)	0.30 (0.28, 0.31)	0.704

^a Includes children with no health conditions.
Abbreviations: CSHCN, children with special health care needs; FPL, Federal poverty level; US, United States.