Consequences of Untreated Perinatal Depression
| Outcomes | Magnitude of risk |
|---|---|
| Maternal and Offspring Mortality | |
| Perinatal suicide | Relative risk ∼ 2.29 |
| Stillbirth | Relative risk ∼ 1.510 |
| Postnatal mortality of offspring | Relative risk ∼ 1.97 |
| Pregnancy and Delivery Complications | |
| Gestational hypertensive disorders | Relative risk ∼ 1.35 |
| Pre-eclampsia | Relative risk ∼ 1.56 |
| Pre-term birth | Relative risk ∼ 1.4 to 2.412–16 |
| Low birthweight | Relative risk ∼ 1.7 to 2.014,15 |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | Relative risk ∼ 4.416 |
| Head growth | Mean difference: −0.08 mm/week17 |
| Body growth | Mean difference: −4.4g/week17 |
| Low 5-minute APGAR score | Relative risk ∼ 1.512 |
| Postpartum Complications | |
| Infant malnutrition | Relative risk ∼ 1.48 |
| Infant physical illness | Relative risk ∼ 1.7 to 2.67,8 |
| Infant hospitalization | Relative risk ∼ 1.47 |
| Childhood maltreatment | Relative risk ∼ 3.0116 |
| Exclusively breastfeeding | Relative risk ∼ 0.5-0.819,20 |
| Partner depression | Relative risk ∼ 1.2 to 1.726,27 |
| Offspring depression | Relative risk ∼ 1.724 |
Abbreviation: APGAR score, Apgar srtands for “Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.” In the test, these five things are used to check a baby’s health. Relative risk, risk ratio and/or odds ratio.
Notes: Superscripts indicate citations describing the magnitude of the relative risk; A relative risk of two-fold or more (Risk ≥2.0) is generally accepted as being clinically significant at the level of an individual patient.36