Characteristics of Community Health Centers (CHCs) by Provision of Prenatal Care, 2018-2019
| All CHCs | CHCs Providing Longitudinal Prenatal Carea | CHCs Providing Occasional Prenatal Careb | CHCs Providing No Prenatal Care | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of community health centers, N | 408 | 168 (41%) | 53 (13%) | 187 (46%) |
| Health Center Size | Number (SD) | Number (SD) | Number (SD) | Number (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual visit volume | 13,380 (16,582) | 22,214 (21,361) | 9211 (7911) | 6627 (7296) | <0.001 |
| Number active patients per year | 2728 (2943) | 4402 (3606) | 2217 (1721) | 1370 (1412) | <0.001 |
| Health Center Structure & Location | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence of multidisciplinary teamc | 304 (74.5) | 145 (86.3) | 37 (69.8) | 122 (65.2) | 0.004 |
| Participation in Title X | 58 (14.2) | 37 (22.0) | 8 (15.1) | 13 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Provision of care to persons aged 0 to 18d | 310 (75.9) | 161 (95.8) | 41 (77.3) | 108 (57.7) | <0.001 |
| Rural locatione | 21 (5.1) | 6 (3.6) | 3 (5.7) | 12 (6.4) | 0.014 |
| Region of the U.S.f | <0.001 | ||||
| West | 192 (47.1) | 91 (54.2) | 22 (41.5) | 79 (42.2) | |
| Midwest | 51 (12.5) | 23 (13.7) | 7 (13.2) | 21 (11.2) | |
| Northeast | 46 (11.3) | 23 (13.7) | 7 (13.2) | 16 (8.6) | |
| Southeast | 119 (29.2) | 31 (18.5) | 17 (32.1) | 71 (38) |
| Aggregate Demographic Characteristics | Mean % (SD) | Mean % (SD) | Mean % (SD) | Mean % (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion female patients of reproductive age (15 to 44) | 31.0 (15.2) | 33.6 (13.4) | 34.1 (20.3) | 27.9 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Proportion patients with income <138% FPL | 68.5 (20.9) | 68.4 (20.0) | 71.9 (18.1) | 67.7 (22.5) | <0.001 |
| Proportion non-white patients | 25.7 (23.2) | 26.2 (23.7) | 25.5 (24.3) | 25.5 (22.9) | <0.001 |
| Proportion Latinx patients | 33.0 (28.2) | 36.9 (26.9) | 36.1 (29.9) | 28.7 (28.4) | <0.001 |
| Proportion patients with non-English language preference | 25.4 (22.1) | 30.1 (21.4) | 28.5 (24.4) | 20.4 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| Proportion patients with Medicaid | 49.2 (23.2) | 56.8 (19.2) | 51.6 (19.5) | 41.8 (25.2) | <0.001 |
| Proportion patients with no insurance | 33.0 (23.6) | 28.8 (16.9) | 27.3 (22.7) | 38.5 (27.5) | <0.001 |
↵a Longitudinal prenatal care defined as more than 1 prenatal visit per pregnancy.
↵b Occasional prenatal care defined as never more than 1 prenatal visit per pregnancy.
↵c Multidisciplinary team defined as clinic with additional specialty providers such as social workers, psychologists, dentists, physical therapists, and medical specialists in addition to traditional primary care providers.
↵d Care of pediatric patients defined as ambulatory encounters with >100 patients under age 18 per year.
↵e Defined by 2010 rural-urban commuting area codes.
↵f Regions defined by US census bureau, no participating clinics from pacific region (Alaska/Hawaii).
Abbreviations: FPL, federal poverty limit; SD, standard deviation.