Appendix Table 4.

Sensitivity Analysis: Demographic and Health Characteristics by Number of Observed Pregnancies During Study Time Period

Total Pregnancies Seen at All CHCsWomen with 1 Observed PregnancyWomen with 2 Observed Pregnanciesp-Value
Total number pregnancies (%)28,57827,550 (92%)1094 (8%)
Total number unique patients (%)28,06427,550 (92%)518 (8%)
Pregnancy characteristicsMean (SD)Mean (SD)
Age at delivery (each preg)28.4 (6.1)28.4 (6.1)27.9 (5.9)<0.001
Total # prenatal visits9.2 (6.6)9.3 (6.5)6.8 (6.7)<0.001
Total # postpartum visits1.9 (1.7)1.9 (1.7)1.9 (1.4)<0.001
Patient Demographic CharacteristicsNumber (% of pregnancies)Number (% of pregnancies)
Race
 White16,676 (58.2)16,018 (58.1)658 (50.4)<0.001
 Black6002 (20.9)5790 (21.0)212 (23.9)
 Other2913 (10.1)2787 (10.1)126 (5.4)
 Missing3053 (10.6)2955 (10.7)98 (10.8)
Ethnicity
 Latinx14,583 (50.9)14,111 (51.2)472 (43.1)<0.001
 Not Latinx13,039 (45.5)12,451 (45.2)588 (53.8)
 Missing1022 (3.6)988 (3.6)34 (3.1)
Primary language
 English16,348 (57.1)15,640 (56.7)708 (64.7)<0.001
 Spanish9748 (34.0)9474 (34.4)274 (25.1)
 Other2462 (8.6)2352 (8.5)110 (10.1)
 Missing86 (0.3)84 (0.3)2 (0.2)
Income < 138% FPL20,337 (71.0)19,518 (70.9)819 (74.9)0.014
Health insurance status
 Medicaid21,808 (76.1)20,915 (75.9)893 (81.6)<0.001
 Private Insurance3528 (12.3)3446 (12.5)82 (7.5)
 Uninsured3308 (11.6)3189 (11.6)119 (10.8)
Pre-pregnancy ComorbiditiesNumber (% of pregnancies)Number (% of pregnancies)
Diabetes237 (0.8)221 (0.8)16 (1.5)0.018
Hypertension448 (1.6)422 (1.5)26 (2.4)0.027
Mental health disorder3898 (13.6)3632 (13.2)266 (24.3)<0.001
Substance use disorder968 (3.4)918 (3.3)50 (4.6)0.026
Tobacco use730 (2.6)680 (2.5)50 (4.6)<0.001
Charlson comorbidity index<0.001
023,502 (82.1)22,710 (82.4)792 (72.4)
12955 (10.3)2817 (10.2)138 (12.6)
2+2178 (7.6)2023 (7.3)164 (14.5)
Pregnancy-related ComorbiditiesNumber (% of pregnancies)Number (% of pregnancies)
Gestational diabetes514 (1.8)478 (1.8)36 (3.3)0.001
Gestational hypertension116 (0.4)106 (0.4)10 (0.9)0.007
Pre-eclampsia173 (0.6)157 (0.6)16 (1.4)<0.001
  • Health insurance status measured during the last prenatal care visit.

  • Abbreviations: FPL, federal poverty limit; SD, standard deviation; CHC, Community health centers.