Table 1.

Matrix of Axes and Domains of Suffering with Clinical Examples

Axis	Domain	Threat or Loss
Biomedical	Symptoms	Comfort	Pain, Nausea Dizziness, Insomnia
Biomedical	Functions	Ability	Mobility, Self-Care, Sleep, Control
Sociocultural	Roles	Performance	Worker, Caregiver, Provider, Protector
Sociocultural	Relationships	Connection	Family, Friend, Colleague, Lover
Psychobehavioral	Emotions	Emotional Distress	Fear, Anger, Sadness, Loneliness, Grief
Psychobehavioral	Thoughts	Psychological Distress	Worries, Regrets, Confusion, Loss, Worthlessness, Hopelessness
Existential	Narrative	Personal Identity Wholeness Meaning	Expectations, Acceptance, Future
Existential	Worldview	Spiritual Distress Value Conflicts Traditions	Conflicts in perceptions, values, guilt