PHC patients | Purposive maximum variation (age, gender, race and ethnicity, education level, income, province of residence) | | |
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PHC providers | Purposive maximum variation (gender, race and ethnicity, provider type, country of health professions education, years in practice, practice size, and province of practice) | | |
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System leaders | Critical case | Involved in digital health, health informatics, or PHC governance | Emailed invitation from AP send to individuals within study team members' professional networks and those in relevant roles listed on health ministry public directories in 5 provinces‡ |