Standardized Latent Variable Relationships with Observed Cross-Sectional Survey Items
| Latent variable | Univariate mean ± SD | Β* | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent low mental health | ||||
| Depression scale | 1.8 ± 0.86 | 0.86 | (0.82, 0.89) | <.001 |
| Anxiety scale | 2.1 ± 1.00 | 0.87 | (0.83, 0.90) | <.001 |
| Resilience scale | 3.6 ± 0.71 | −0.46 | (−0.50, −0.41) | <.001 |
| Positive parenting | ||||
| Authoritative scale | 4.2 ± 0.81 | 0.07 | (0.01, 0.14) | .049 |
| Authoritarian scale | 1.9 ± 0.65 | −0.66 | (−0.72, −0.60) | <.001 |
| Permissive scale | 1.8 ± 0.76 | −0.65 | (−0.71, −0.58) | <.001 |
| Self-efficacy scale | 3.9 ± 0.46 | 0.40 | (0.33, 0.46) | <.001 |
| Controlling feeding practices | ||||
| Pressuring | 3.0 ± 1.05 | 0.51 | (0.44, 0.58) | <.001 |
| Restriction | 3.3 ± 1.00 | 0.56 | (0.49, 0.63) | <.001 |
| Instrumental | 2.0 ± 0.99 | 0.55 | (0.48, 0.61) | <.001 |
| Support for physical activity (PA) | ||||
| Modeling of PA | 3.3 ± 0.97 | 0.60 | (0.52, 0.67) | <.001 |
| Support for PA | 3.0 ± 0.84 | 0.77 | (0.68, 0.86) | <.001 |
| Limit sedentary activity | 3.4 ± 0.80 | 0.34 | (0.28, 0.41) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
Note: the 1307 sample is from the Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, area and was collected between 2015 and 2017.
* Standardized coefficients.
Interpretation example: The latent variable, “Parent Low Mental Health,” was constructed from three mean-scaled items that characterize parent self-reported depressive, anxiety, and resilience items. In this sample, the latent construct was positively correlated with the depression and anxiety scales and negatively correlated with the resilience scale.