Differences in Patient-Reported Diabetes Distress (Total and Domain Scores) Overall and Between Patients in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and Non-FQHCs
| Construct (Measure) | All Patients (n = 616) | FQHC (n = 345) | non-FQHC (n = 271) | Comparison (p-Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Distress (DDS) – Total Score | ||||
| Median Score (IQR) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.8) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) | 0.02* 0.0003† |
| No Distress N (%) | 320 (53%) | 162 (47%) | 158 (60%) | <0.0001‡ |
| Moderate Distress N (%) | 180 (30%) | 100 (29%) | 80 (30%) | |
| High Distress N (%) | 106 (17%) | 81 (24%) | 25 (10%) | |
| DDS - Emotional Burden | ||||
| Median Score (IQR) | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.2) | 2.4 (1.4 to 3.5) | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) | 0.04* 0.0012† |
| No Distress N (%) | 256 (42%) | 132 (38%) | 124 (47%) | 0.0006‡ |
| Moderate Distress N (%) | 158 (26%) | 80 (23%) | 78 (30%) | |
| High Distress N (%) | 193 (32%) | 131 (38%) | 62 (23%) | |
| DDS - Healthcare Navigation | ||||
| Median Score (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.5) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.8) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.3) | 0.01* 0.0004† |
| No Distress N (%) | 494 (83%) | 255 (76%) | 230 (91%) | <0.0001‡ |
| Moderate Distress N (%) | 47 (8%) | 36 (11%) | 11 (4%) | |
| High Distress N (%) | 57 (10%) | 44 (13%) | 13 (5%) | |
| DDS - Regimen | ||||
| Median Score (IQR) | 2.4 (1.6 to 3.4) | 2.6 (1.5 to 3.6) | 2.4 (1.6 to 3.2) | 0.37* 0.22† |
| No Distress N (%) | 212 (35%) | 119 (35%) | 93 (36%) | 0.04‡ |
| Moderate Distress N (%) | 173 (29%) | 86 (25%) | 87 (33%) | |
| High Distress N (%) | 215 (36%) | 134 (40%) | 81 (31%) | |
| DDS - Interpersonal | ||||
| Median Score (IQR) | 1.3 (1.0 to 2.5) | 1.3 (1.0 to 2.7) | 1.0 (1.0 to 2.0) | 0.01* 0.0022† |
| No Distress N (%) | 394 (66%) | 203 (60%) | 191 (73%) | 0.0008‡ |
| Moderate Distress N (%) | 91 (15%) | 52 (15%) | 39 (15%) | |
| High Distress N (%) | 115 (19%) | 82 (24%) | 33 (13%) |