Characteristics of Included Patients in the Derivation and Internal Validation Cohort
| Clinical Parameter | Not Hospitalized | Hospitalized | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vital signs | |||
| Mean age | 41.9 | 60.2 | < 0.001 |
| Age category | |||
| < 50 years | 5960 | 91 (1.5%) | < 0.001 |
| 50 to 59 years | 1631 | 84 (4.9%) | |
| 60 to 69 years | 1032 | 100 (8.8%) | |
| 70 + years | 623 | 128 (17.0%) | |
| Respiratory rate > 30/min | 3/9246 (0.03%) | 3/403 (0.74%) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate > 20/min | 261/9246 (2.8%) | 43/403 (10.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation ≤ 95% | 330/9246 (3.6%) | 111/403 (27.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Temperature ≥ 100.4 F | 433/9246 (4.7%) | 36/403 (8.9%) | 0.008 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus | 806/9246 (8.7%) | 142/403 (35.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Asthma | 918/9246 (9.9%) | 51/403 (12.7%) | 0.07 |
| COPD or chronic bronchitis | 192/9246 (2.1%) | 68/403 (16.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1950/9246 (21.1%) | 257/403 (63.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 356/9246 (3.9%) | 88/403 (21.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 151/9246 (1.6%) | 55/403 (13.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 362/9246 (3.9%) | 40/403 (9.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 340/9246 (3.7%) | 49/403 (12.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Any of the above comorbidities | 3028/9246 (32.8%) | 308/403 (76.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Symptom | |||
| Dyspnea | 828/9246 (9.0%) | 168/403 (41.7%) | < 0.001 |
Notes: For age, percentage shown is percentage within an age category who were hospitalized. For all other parameters, it is the percentage of hospitalized and non-hospitalized with that comorbidity or parameter.
Abbreviation: COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.