Baseline Demographic Characteristics by Group of All Study Participants
| Placebo (n = 34) | Vitamin C (n = 32) | Melatonin (n = 32) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 54 (11) | 50 (9) | 52 (14) | 0.30 |
| Body mass index (BMI), median (IQR) | 33 (12) | 32 (7) | 31 (9) | 0.57 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 24 (71%) | 19 (59%) | 21 (66%) | 0.63 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (18%) | 5 (16%) | 5 (16%) | 0.97 |
| Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 8 (24%) | 7 (22%) | 4 (13%) | 0.48 |
| High blood pressure, n (%) | 11 (32%) | 7 (22%) | 7 (22%) | 0.53 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 4 (12%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (6%) | 0.38 |
| Completed COVID immunization before completing study, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 0.58 |
| Received monoclonal antibody therapy (Bamlanivimab), before completing study, n (%) | 3 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (9%) | 0.21 |
| Enrolled in cancer registry at time of study, n (%) | 3 (9%) | 2 (6%) | 4 (13%) | 0.69 |
| Days from symptom onset to consent, median (IQR) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) | 4 (1) | 0.11 |
| Days from consent to taking supplements, median (IQR) | 2 (0) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.92 |
| Median baseline total symptom score (IQR) | 18 (18) | 24 (17.5) | 27 (22) | 0.37 |
| Median baseline total activity score (IQR) | 13.5 (25) | 19.5 (23.5) | 27 (19) | 0.35 |
Demographic variables by group. P-values calculated by Kruskal-Wallis for: age, BMI, day ranges, and baseline scores; χ2 for: sex, diabetes, asthma/COPD, high blood pressure, smoking, completed COVID-19 immunization before enrollment, Bamlanivimab, and cancer registry status.
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range.