Factors Associated with CPG Nonadherence (n = 1119)*
| Characteristic | OR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | |||
| 21 to 49 | 1 | … | … |
| 50 to 59 | 1.38 | 0.68 to 2.83 | 0.38 |
| ≥60 | 2.28 | 1.15 to 4.52 | 0.02 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1 | … | … |
| Male | 1.81 | 1.05 to 3.12 | 0.03 |
| Race | |||
| White | 1 | … | … |
| Black | 1.24 | 0.66 to 2.34 | 0.50 |
| Other | 1.65 | 0.35 to 7.70 | 0.53 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 1 | … | … |
| Hispanic | 0.53 | 0.15 to 1.82 | 0.31 |
| Educational level | |||
| High school or lower | 1 | … | … |
| Some post-high school education | 0.41 | 0.22 to 0.74 | 0.003 |
| College degree or higher | 0.26 | 0.12 to 0.56 | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking status | |||
| Never or former smoker | 1 | … | … |
| Current smoker | 1.12 | 0.59 to 2.14 | 0.72 |
| Body mass index | |||
| <30 | 1 | … | … |
| ≥30 | 1.40 | 0.80 to 2.45 | 0.24 |
| Duration of low back pain (yr) | |||
| <5 | 1 | … | … |
| ≥5 | 0.98 | 0.54 to 1.79 | 0.95 |
| Bothersomeness of widespread pain | |||
| Not at all | 1 | … | … |
| A little bit | 1.24 | 0.59 to 2.57 | 0.57 |
| A lot | 2.19 | 1.06 to 4.52 | 0.03 |
| Pain catastrophizing | |||
| Low (<12) | 1 | … | … |
| Medium (12 to 24) | 0.61 | 0.27 to 1.35 | 0.22 |
| High (≥25) | 1.04 | 0.47 to 2.28 | 0.93 |
| Pain self-efficacy | |||
| Low (<27) | 1 | … | … |
| Medium (27 to 41) | 0.77 | 0.41 to 1.42 | 0.40 |
| High (≥42) | 0.53 | 0.22 to 1.27 | 0.15 |
| No. of comorbidities | |||
| <2 | 1 | … | … |
| 2 to 3 | 1.01 | 0.43 to 2.34 | 0.99 |
| ≥4 | 1.24 | 0.52 to 2.94 | 0.62 |
↵* Odds ratios were adjusted for each other variable in the table. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were each used to classify participants according to tercile cutpoints on each instrument. CPG denotes clinical practice guideline.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.