Effects on Time Spent on the Patient Portal by Feature Domain
| Characteristics | Messaging, OR (95% CI) | Health Info Management,OR (95% CI) | Billing/Insurance, OR (95% CI) | Resource/Education, OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel Months | 1.007** (1.006–1.008) | 1.010** (1.154–1.224) | 1.003** (1.202–1.336) | 1.004** (1.173–1.267) |
| Residency Clinic | 1.127** (1.089–1.167) | 1.015 (0.989–1.042) | 0.925** (0.883–0.968) | 1.036* (1.002–1.072) |
| Clinic Location (ref: rural) | ||||
| Urban | 1.599** (1.534–1.666) | 1.232** (1.194–1.271) | 1.363** (1.288–1.442) | 1.252** (1.203–1.304) |
| Suburban | 1.293** (1.243–1.345) | 1.188** (1.154–1.224) | 1.267** (1.202–1.336) | 1.219** (1.173–1.267) |
| Faculty | 1.121 (0.955–1.315) | 0.966 (0.861–1.083) | 1.184 (0.980–1.429) | 1.204* (1.043–1.39) |
| Years of Practice (ref: 25+) | ||||
| < 5 | 1.058 (0.906–1.235) | 1.019 (0.912–1.138) | 1.211* (1.010–1.452) | 1.217** (1.060–1.398) |
| 5–14 | 1.263** (1.221–1.306) | 1.152** (1.124–1.181) | 1.182** (1.130–1.237) | 1.088** (1.053–1.123) |
| 15–24 | 1.121** (1.084–1.159) | 1.066** (1.040–1.093) | 1.071** (1.024–1.12) | 1.026 (0.993–1.060) |
| Female | 1.145** (1.115–1.175) | 1.105** (1.084–1.127) | 1.095** (1.057–1.135) | 1.326** (1.292–1.360) |
| Age in years (ref: 65+) | ||||
| 18–39 | 1.045* (1.009–1.082) | 0.985 (0.959–1.011) | 0.983 (0.938–1.031) | 0.933** (0.902–0.965) |
| 40–64 | 1.119** (1.085–1.155) | 0.962** (0.939–0.984) | 0.965 (0.924–1.006) | 0.888** (0.861–0.914) |
| Race (ref: white) | ||||
| Black | 0.471** (0.435–0.508) | 0.784** (0.740–0.830) | 0.625** (0.564–0.692) | 1.035 (0.959–1.116) |
| Asian | 0.765** (0.706–0.828) | 1.090** (1.027–1.156) | 1.123* (1.009–1.249) | 0.975 (0.902–1.053) |
| Hispanic | 0.710** (0.657–0.765) | 0.921** (0.870–0.974) | 0.964 (0.869–1.068) | 1.087* (1.009–1.17) |
| Other | 0.841** (0.776–0.910) | 0.951 (0.896–1.009) | 0.915 (0.821–1.019) | 0.968 (0.895–1.045) |
| Payer Category (ref: commercial) | ||||
| Medicare | 0.921** (0.880–0.963) | 1.055** (1.020–1.091) | 0.475** (0.447–0.504) | 0.777** (0.744–0.811) |
| Medicaid | 0.765** (0.720–0.812) | 0.887** (0.847–0.927) | 0.306** (0.282–0.331) | 1.037 (0.978–1.100) |
| Uninsured/Self–pay | 0.867* (0.761–0.985) | 0.926 (0.841–1.019) | 0.798* (0.671–0.948) | 1.302** (1.149–1.474) |
| Comorbidity | 1.040** (1.034–1.046) | 1.055** (1.050–1.059) | 1.016** (1.008–1.024) | 1.037** (1.031–1.043) |
| # Prescriptions (ref: ≤10) | ||||
| 11–20 | 1.501** (1.447–1.558) | 1.105** (1.075–1.136) | 1.151** (1.095–1.21) | 1.200** (1.157–1.243) |
| 21–30 | 1.815** (1.738–1.895) | 1.138** (1.101–1.175) | 1.192** (1.124–1.264) | 1.245** (1.194–1.299) |
| >30 | 2.722** (2.614–2.835) | 1.355** (1.314–1.397) | 1.345** (1.272–1.422) | 1.556** (1.496–1.620) |
| # Lab tests (ref: ≤10) | ||||
| 11–20 | 1.512** (1.457–1.569) | 1.635** (1.591–1.681) | 1.389** (1.321–1.461) | 1.244** (1.200–1.290) |
| 21–30 | 1.884** (1.805–1.967) | 2.087** (2.021–2.156) | 1.769** (1.668–1.876) | 1.385** (1.327–1.445) |
| >30 | 2.814** (2.698–2.935) | 3.235** (3.134–3.339) | 2.280** (2.153–2.414) | 1.708** (1.639–1.781) |
| % Internet Access | 1.006** (1.002–1.010) | 1.002 (0.998–1.004) | 1.002 (0.996–1.007) | 0.999 (0.995–1.003) |
| % HS Degree | 1.014** (1.007–1.021) | 1.004 (0.998–1.009) | 0.997 (0.987–1.006) | 1.005 (0.998–1.011) |
| % Some College Degree | 1.016** (1.010–1.022) | 1.006** (1.002–1.010) | 1.006 (0.998–1.014) | 1.005 (0.999–1.011) |
| % Bachelor Degree | 1.019** (1.013–1.024) | 1.008** (1.004–1.012) | 1.004 (0.996–1.012) | 1.004 (0.998–1.010) |
| % Below Poverty | 1.001 (0.997–1.003) | 1.003** (1.001–1.005) | 1.004* (1.002–1.007) | 1.002 (0.999–1.004) |
| Scaled Deviance | 1.40 | 1.29 | 1.52 | 1.42 |
| Scaled Pearson Chi–square | 0.82 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.77 |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.