Evaluation of Study Quality Using the QUADAS-2 Framework for Studies of Influenza Clinical Prediction Rules
| Study, Year | Patient Selection | Index Test | Reference Std | Flow and Timing | Overall | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ||
| Consecutive | Not Case Control or Retrospective-Cohort | Exclusion Criteria | Risk of Bias | Applicability | Index Blinded | Threshold Pre-Specified | Risk of Bias | Applicability | PCR Used for Some or All Patients | Reference Blinded | Risk of Bias | Applicability | All Got Reference Std | All Got Same Ref Std | All Accounted | Risk of Bias | ||
| Anderson, 2018 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | Y | Y | L | L |
| Ranjan, 2012 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | Y | Y | L | L |
| van Vugt, 2015 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | Y | L | L | Y | Y | Y | L | L |
| Vuichard-Gysin, 2019 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | Y | Y | L | L |
| Woolpert, 2012 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | Y | Y | L | L |
| Zimmerman, 2016 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | Y | Y | L | L |
| Afonso, 2012 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | N | Y | H | M |
| Ebell, 2012 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | N | Y | H | M |
| Dugas, 2019 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | Y | U | L | L | Y | Y | N | H | M |
| Govaert, 2013 | Y | Y | Y | L | N | Y | Y | L | L | N | U | H | L | Y | Y | Y | L | M |
H, High; L, Low; M, Moderate; N, No; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Std, standard; U, Uncertain; Y, Yes.