Table 2.

Adjusted Risk Ratios (ARRs) for Nonadherence Labeling by Demographics in HbA1c and Care Site Strata^*

Variable	Overall (N = 6072) (Labeled = 759)	Subgroup HbA1c ≤7% (N = 2349) (Labeled = 222)	Subgroup HbA1c >7% (N = 3723) (Labeled = 537)	Subgroup Primary Care (N = 2657) (Labeled = 376)	Subgroup Specialty Care(N = 3415) (Labeled = 383)
	β_adj [95% CI]	β_adj [95% CI]	β_adj [95% CI]	β_adj [95% CI]	β_adj [95% CI]
Age	−0.006 [−0.014, 0.002]	−0.014 [−0.029, 0.001]	−0.025 [−0.012, 0.007]	0.009 [−0.0035, 0.020]	−0.019 [−0.030, −0.008]
HbA1c	0.11 [0.08, 0.15]	−0.14 [−0.43, 0.17]	0.11 [0.05, 0.16]	0.09 [0.04, 0.14]	0.14 [0.087, 0.19]
BMI	−0.0027 [−0.0126, 0.007]	0.074 [−0.010, 0.024]	−0.008 [−0.02, 0.003]	−0.002 [−0.016, 0.011]	−0.002 [−0.016, 0.012]
	ARR [95% CI]	ARR [95% CI]	ARR [95% CI]	ARR [95% CI]	ARR [95% CI]
Biological sex
Male	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Female	1.02 [0.87, 1.18]	0.93 [0.73, 1.19]	1.06 [0.88, 1.28]	1.05 [0.83, 1.30]	0.98 [0.78, 1.20]
Race
White	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Black	2.48 [2.01, 3.04]	2.87 [1.94, 4.27]	2.16 [1.72, 2.76]	2.56 [1.66, 3.97]	2.45 [1.90, 3.16]
Asian	0.75 [0.33, 1.26]	1.39 [0.31, 2.85]	0.53 [0.11, 1.05]	0.23 [0.00, 0.84]	1.07 [0.42, 1.84]
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Hispanic	1.22 [0.71, 1.83]	1.14 [0.25, 2.19]	1.24 [0.62, 1.99]	1.21 [0.31, 2.55]	1.27 [0.64, 2.03]
Insurance payor
Private	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Medicaid	1.82 [1.50, 2.18]	1.75 [1.23, 2.40]	1.83 [1.46 2.26]	2.16 [1.66, 2.76]	1.50 [1.11, 1.97]
Medicare	1.61[1.32, 1.93]	1.68 [1.19, 2.31]	1.55 [1.21, 1.95]	1.41 [1.02, 1.90]	1.74 [1.34, 2.21]
Care site
Primary care	Ref	Ref	Ref	Not applicable	Not applicable
Specialty care	1.00 [0.85, 1.16]	0.91 [0.69, 1.17]	1.04 [0.86, 1.24]	Not applicable	Not applicable

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C.
↵* ARRs for categorical variables, and beta coefficients for continuous variables, were calculated with a logistic regression model using all the following potentially confounding variables: age, sex, race, BMI, ethnicity, insurance status, and HbA1c. Additional calculations using the adjusted odd ratio are presented in the supplementary document (S1.5); no changes in significance were observed across the 2 model choices.