Characteristics of Population Stratified by Any One or More Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) Insecurity (n = 2763)
| 1 or More Insecurityn (%) or Mean ± SD | No Insecuritiesn (%) or Mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|
| Sample size | ||
| n | 792 | 1971 |
| Subject characteristics | ||
| Age, years | 55 ± 13 | 64 ± 13 |
| Sex (male vs female) | 264 (34%) | 736 (38%) |
| Race | ||
| White | 538 (68%) | 1543 (78%) |
| Black or African American | 132 (17%) | 189 (10%) |
| Asian | 13 (2%) | 73 (4%) |
| Other | 109 (14%) | 166 (8%) |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic) | 106 (14%) | 168 (9%) |
| Married or living as married versus other | 244 (31%) | 1082 (55%) |
| Employed (full time, part time, or student) | 233 (30%) | 676 (35%) |
| Annual household income | ||
| <$15,00 | 437 (56%) | 403 (21%) |
| $15,000–$29,999 | 196 (25%) | 408 (21%) |
| $30,000–$44,999 | 68 (9%) | 256 (13%) |
| $45,000–$59,999 | 30 (4%) | 180 (9%) |
| $60,000–$74,999 | 25 (3%) | 184 (10%) |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 16 (2%) | 193 (10%) |
| >$100,000 | 9 (1%) | 301 (16%) |
| Education | ||
| Less than 9th grade | 35 (4%) | 65 (3%) |
| 9th to 12th grade, no diploma | 100 (13%) | 152 (8%) |
| High school graduate (including GED) | 395 (50%) | 747 (38%) |
| Associate degree | 119 (15%) | 320 (16%) |
| Bachelor's degree | 86 (11%) | 353 (18%) |
| Graduate or professional degree | 57 (7%) | 330 (17%) |
| Chronic conditions | ||
| Arthritis | 332 (42%) | 826 (42%) |
| Asthma | 219 (28%) | 389 (20%) |
| Obstructive lung disease | 177 (16%) | 333 (12%) |
| Chronic pain | 701 (89%) | 1620 (82%) |
| Non-gestational diabetes | 392 (50%) | 869 (44%) |
| Heart disease | 656 (83%) | 1728 (88%) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 40 (5%) | 78 (4%) |
| Lung disease | 322 (41%) | 585 (30%) |
| Mood disorder | 581 (73%) | 1188 (60%) |
| Insomnia | 216 (27%) | 477 (24%) |
| Substance use disorder | 366 (33%) | 472 (17%) |
| Tobacco use | 227 (29%) | 283 (14%) |
| Unhealthy alcohol use | 82 (10%) | 101 (5%) |
| Total chronic conditions | 6 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 |
| Medication adherence (higher indicates worse adherence) | ||
| Morisky Medication Adherence Scale | ||
| 0 | 229 (29%) | 992 (51%) |
| 1 | 159 (20%) | 425 (22%) |
| 2 | 236 (30%) | 392 (20%) |
| 3 | 97 (13%) | 95 (5%) |
| 4 | 64 (8%) | 47 (2%) |
| Neighborhood characteristics | ||
| Social deprivation index (higher indicates more deprivation) | 63 ± 26 | 50 ± 28 |
| Urban | 651 (85%) | 1542 (79%) |
| Population density, persons per square mile | 4340 ± 4818 | 3876 ± 7755 |
| Functional capacity | ||
| Metabolic equivalents (METs) | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 6.6 ± 2.0 |
| Median, METs | 5.1 | 6.6 |
| Interquartile range (25th, 75th percentile), METs | 4.4, 6.7 | 5.1, 8.3 |
SD, standard deviation.