Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of 1999–2002 NHANES Participants Aged 40 Years or Older By Breakfast Eating Status (n=5761)

CharacteristicsBreakfast Eater (n=4778)Non-breakfast Eater (n=983)P value*
% (95% CI)% (95% CI)
Sex
    Male46.6 (45.2-48.0)48.8 (44.5-53.0).34
    Female53.4 (52.0-54.8)51.2 (47.0-55.5)
Race
    Non-Hispanicwhite78.8 (75.5-82.0)63.9 (58.5-69.2)<.0001‖
    Non-Hispanicblack8.3 (6.1-10.5)17.9 (13.1-22.7)
    Hispanic9.5 (6.2-12.8)13.2 (6.7-19.7)
    Other3.5 (2.5-4.4)5.0 (2.3-7.7)
Education
    ≥High school78.9 (76.8-80.9)65.8 (61.8-69.9)<.0001‖
    <High school21.1 (19.1-23.2)34.2 (30.1-38.2)
Diabetes
    Yes13.4 (12.0-14.9)10.1 (7.8-12.4).02‡
    No86.6 (85.1-88.0)89.9 (87.6-92.2)
Hypertension
    Yes60.1 (57.2-63.0)55.2 (50.5-59.9).01‡
    No39.9 (37.0-42.8)44.8 (40.1-49.5)
Cardiovascular disease
    Yes9.9 (8.5-11.4)11.0 (8.2-13.8).46
    No90.1 (88.6-91.5)89.0 (86.2-91.8)
Mean (95% CI)Mean (95% CI)P value†
Age57.5 (56.9-58.1)53.0 (51.9-54.0)<.0001‖
Body mass index28.4 (28.0-28.8)29.1 (28.4-29.9).04‡
Fiber intake16.9 (16.1-17.7)12.8 (12.0-13.6)<.0001‖
Calorie intake2041.1 (2005.8-2076.4)1871.1 (1798.5-1943.8).0001‖

  • CI, confidence interval; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

  • ↵* P value was estimated from Chi-square analysis.

  • ↵† P value was estimated from regression analysis.

  • ↵‡ P <0.05.

  • § P <0.01.

  • ↵‖ P <0.001.